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Samenvatting: Anatomie & fysiologie: Microbiologie
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FASE 1: Vroedkunde - Thomas More: docent Dr. Vandenhoudt Samenvatting: Microbiologie Boek: Anatomie en fysiologie: een inleiding 6de editie - Martini
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Microbiologie & ziekenhuishygiëneMicrobiologie & ziekenhuishygiëne................................................................................................................ 1
De cel: basis voor inzicht in fysiologie mens........................................................................................................1
DNA: chromatnenetwerk.....................................................................................................................................2
Mitose: gewone celdeling....................................................................................................................................3
Meiose: voortplantngsdeling of geslachtsdeling................................................................................................3
Eiwitsynthese........................................................................................................................................................4
Medische microbiologie................................................................................................................................. 5
Bacteriën..............................................................................................................................................................5
Virussen..............................................................................................................................................................10
Schimmels...........................................................................................................................................................12
Parasieten: Protozoa..........................................................................................................................................12
Afweer en immuniteit.................................................................................................................................. 12
Lymfestelsel........................................................................................................................................................13
Uitwendige afweer.............................................................................................................................................13
Inwendige afweer...............................................................................................................................................13
Specifieke afweer: Immuniteit............................................................................................................................16
Preventie en infectieziekten......................................................................................................................... 18
Principe vaccin: kennen......................................................................................................................................18
Basisvacinateschema........................................................................................................................................18
Microbiologie & ziekenhuishygiëne
De cel: basis voor inzicht in fysiologie mens
Cytoplasma (= cel inhoud)
o Celmembraan
Celkern of nucleus
o Kernmembraan
Celmembraan
Samenstelling
Dubbele fosfolipidemembraan
o Vetzuurstaarten: hydrofoob
o Fosfaatgroep: hydrofel = 3 water
Eiwiten
Cholesterol
Transport
Passief: difusie -> geen energie
Gefaciliteerd -> geen energie
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, Microbiologie & ziekenhuishygiëne
Actief -> energie (ATP)
Vesiculair transport -> energie
o Endocytose: materiaal via blaasje in cel -> energie
Receptor-gemedieerde endocytose
Pinocytose
Fagocytose
o Exocytose: blaasje in cel versmelt met celmembraan -> energie
Celorganellen
Endoplasmatisch reticulum
o Functies: synthese, depot, transport, detoxifcatie
o Ribosomen: eiwitsynthese
o Ruw ER: ribosomen
Synthese eiwiten
o Glad ER: geen ribosomen
Synthese veten en koolhydraten
Golgi-apparaat
o Aanpassing stofen en verpakking voor vervoer naar buiten
Mitochondriën
o Energie: opslag als ATP
o Celademhaling
Centrosomen -> centriolen
Lysosomen en vacuolen
Celkern = nucleus
Chromatinenetwerk (DNAA)
Kernmembraan
1 of 2 nucleoli = kernlichaampjes (RNAA)
DNA: chromatinenetwerk
= Desoxy ribo NAucleic Acid
Chromatinedraden (46): 23 paar
Structuur van DNA
Trapleuning: desoxyribose
o Verbonden door fosfaatgroep (P, gebonden aan…) aan de volgende suiker
Treden van de trap
o Complementaire stikstooasen
A-T -> adenine - thymine
G-C -> guanine - cytosine
Genetische code: 1 kant touwladder
Triplet (3 stikstooasen) vormt code 1 aminozuur
Gen: functionele eenheid van erfelijkheid
o Gen: stuk genetisch materiaal dat codeert voor 1 eiwit, dus voor 1 eigenschap
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