The U-61 is an advanced turbine rotary wing aircraft with superior performance, precision handling, and versatility. It features state-of-the-art avionics, advanced safety systems, and easy maintenance. With comprehensive support and availability, the U-61 is set to make a significant impact across...
BTEC HN
Assignment Brief Level-5 RQF
Higher National Diploma in
Aeronautical Engineering
Qualification Title BTEC Level 5 Higher National Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering (RQF)
Qualification
603/0484/4 Centre Code ***
Number
Batch Code Academic Year 2021 – 2022
Unit No. & Unit Title U-61, Advanced Turbine Rotary Wing Aircraft Mechanical and Flight Systems
Unit Code H/615/1538 Unit Level 05 Credit Value 15
Assignment No. 02 Total assignments for the unit 04
Assignment Title Nature and effect of forces of rotary wing aircraft directional flight control
Outcome(s) Covered 04 Total Outcomes 04
Outcome LO2 Illustrate the nature and effect of forces of rotary wing aircraft directional flight control
Title
Formative Feedback Submission
Issue Date
Date
Assignment Author Signature
Internal Verifier Signature
Principal Objective(s):
Rotational and aerodynamic forces acting on rotary wing aircraft:
Define rotation effects of gyroscopic precession and rigidity The effects of gyroscopic and lift/drag force
generation. Rotor blade geometric twist, flapping/coning, tip path plane, lead and lag. Ground effect,
ideal wake, Blade loading, vortex ring state
Assessment & Grading Criteria:
This assignment criteria for a pass grade comply with the level of achievement required to pass. The
learner has to demonstrate better skills for higher grades.
In order to achieve : The evidence(s) must show that the learner ha:
PASS Grade met all the PASS criteria P4, P5,
MERIT Grade met all the PASS criteria and all the MERIT criteria M2
BDISTINCTION met all the PASS criteria, all the MERIT criteria and D2
Grade ALL of the DISTINCTION criteria
Learner’s Name: Registration No.
Learner’s Declaration
I declare that the submitted assignment is ENTIRELY MY OWN WORK. I fully understand the consequences of any and I
am aware of the plagiarism policy of the centre that any malpractice like plagiarism will bring the following consequences
First time: The assignment is referred and higher grades are removed.
Second time: The unit progress will be cancelled and it has to be retaken with next batch.
Third time: Studentship will be cancelled
Learner’s Signature: Date:
Assessor’s Name:
Assessor Declaration:
I declare that the submitted assignment is not plagiarized or copied. This is checked and verified by me.
Assessor’s Signature: Date:
,Description of unit
Introduction
Since the conception of the idea of flight, rotary wing heavier-than-air flying machines have been considered. For example,
Leonardo da Vinci created the ‘Helical Air Screw’ at the turn of the 16th century. It is believed that although the airscrew was
built, it never flew due its very poor lift-to-weight ratio. At the turn of the 20th century, the
early pioneers of flight built and attempted to fly a number of rotary wing aircraft. Some failed in spectacular style; however,
some actually achieved limited flight. The development of the rotary wing aircraft we see today started in the 1940s and then
rapidly advanced in the 1950s and 60s. These early aeronautical engineers had to overcome many significant differences
between principles of flight for fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft. The nature of the rotary winged aircraft creates many
diverse fluid flows, physical gyroscopic effects and dissymmetry of lift and torque reactions, to name a few of the aerodynamic
differences.
This unit introduces students to the atmosphere in which rotary wing aircraft operate in, the scientific principles that underpin
flight theory, how the aerodynamic forces are generated throughout all phases and transitions of rotary wing flight. It also
includes the specific design features that are essential to maintain stability and directional control.
On successful completion of this unit students will be able to examine the properties of the atmosphere relating to rotary wing
flight and aerodynamic principles and apply them to aircraft flight, examine the generation, nature and effects of aerodynamic
forces during flight, and examine the key design features that control and maintain
airflows around a rotary wing aircraft. The student will also be able to investigate the nature and methods used to stabilise and
control rotary aircraft.
LO1 Explore standard atmospheric properties and aerodynamic principles affecting flight of a rotary winged aircraft
Outcome Content :
Rotational and aerodynamic forces acting on rotary wing aircraft:
Define rotation effects of gyroscopic precession and rigidity The effects of gyroscopic and lift/drag force generation. Rotor blade
geometric twist, flapping/coning, tip path plane, lead and lag. Ground effect, ideal wake, Blade loading, vortex ring state
Recommended Resources:
ANDERSON Jr, J. D. (2016) Introduction to Flight. 8th International Student Ed. McGraw-Hill.
Textbooks BARNARD, R. H. and PHILPOTT, D. R. (2010) Aircraft Flight. 4th Ed. Pearson
DINGLE, L. and TOOLEY, M. (2013) Aircraft Engineering Principles. 2nd Ed. Routledge
SEDDON, J. (2011) Basic Helicopter Principles. 3rd Ed. Wiley
WAGTENDONK, W. J. (2007) Principles of Helicopter Flight. 2nd Ed. Aviation Supplies &
Academics.
(Journals) The Aeronautical Journal. Cambridge University Press. Covering all aspects of
aerospace engineering and research.
Aerospace (the magazine of the Royal Aeronautical Society). With articles on all
areas of aerospace including innovation and design for flight.
Websites http://www.av8n.com/ AV8N, See How it Flies, (E-Book)
This unit links to the following related units:
Links Unit 24: Aircraft Aerodynamics
Unit 28: Turbine Rotary Wing Mechanical and Flight Systems
Scheme of outcome
Wee Launch date Topics within this outcome Hand in date
k
1 Rotational and aerodynamic forces acting on rotary wing aircraft:
Define rotation effects of gyroscopic precession and rigidity
, 02 The effects of gyroscopic and lift/drag force generation.
03 Rotor blade geometric twist, flapping/coning, tip path plane, lead and lag.
04 Ground effect, ideal wake, Blade loading, vortex ring state
05 Assignment support and last chance for assignment submission.
SCENARIO
You have applied for the job of Planning Officer at US Bangla Airlines (BD) Ltd. whose responsibilities is also to plan and
schedule advance rotary wing aircraft for flight. Engineering management wants to verify your knowledge on lift, drag force
and specifically of gyroscopic precession and control , rotor blade geometry, vortex ring and ground effect.
You are asked to make a report on the following tasks and submit the same to project manager by date specified on the tasks.
Submission Format
Complete all the tasks and report in simple English.
Answers should be in own words.
While using any diagram, label appropriately
Give reference of the sources of information at the bottom of the page. Quoting from anywhere without proper
referencing will be counted as plagiarism
Add table of contents as applicable
Statement Name Signature
THIS IS MY OWN WORK
U-61, LO2 Tasks:
Demonstrate how a rotary wing aircraft is controlled in flight by gyroscopic precession and lift differential and make clear
using diagram how aerodynamic and airflow effects the lift produced by rotor blades. Offer a reasoned judgement of the
effect and nature of flight forces on rotary wing aircraft at all phases and conditions of flight and significant load, horizontal
and vertical velocity limits. Calculate the KE of the rotor blade when weight is blade 20 kg, angular velocity 12m/s and
radius of cg is 2m and what nature of flight forces acts during general maneuvers and how tail rotor force is affected by
geometrical and external factors to control in flight?
Pass Merit Distinction
LO2 Illustrate the nature and effect of forces of rotary wing aircraft directional
flight control
P4 Demonstrate how gyroscopic M2 Evaluate, using theoretical D2 Assess the effect and nature of flight
precession and lift differentials can be calculations, the nature of flight forces on a rotary winged aircraft airframe,
used to control a rotary winged aircraft in forces during manoeuvres and throughout all phases and conditions of
flight how these forces are affected by flight, including the nature and significance
P5 Illustrate the aerodynamic and airflow geometrical and external factors of the load, horizontal and vertical velocity
effects created by the rotor blades of a limits
rotary winged aircraft
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