100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
Previously searched by you
Summary OCR A-Level History Crusades and the Crusader States The Crusader States in the Twelfth Century Notes includes notes, timeline, practice questions, and essay plans$11.08
Add to cart
Summary OCR A-Level History Crusades and the Crusader States The Crusader States in the Twelfth Century Notes includes notes, timeline, practice questions, and essay plans
11 views 0 purchase
Course
The Crusades and the Crusader States
Institution
OCR
OCR A-Level History Crusades and the Crusader States The Crusader States in the Twelfth Century Notes includes notes, timeline, practice questions, and essay plans
• Once captured by the Crusaders on the 15th of July 1099, Godfrey is made Ruler of
Jerusalem – he dies in July 1110 and Baldwin of Edessa is crowned King of Jerusalem
• Jerusalem was then ruled by Baldwin and his heirs
• Occupied by people from Lorraine and Flanders
Principality of Antioch (1098 – 1268):
• Bohemond becomes the first Prince of Antioch in 1098
• He is captured by Muslims in 1101, and Baldwin of Edessa pays his ransom
• He returns in 1103 and then went back to West to seek support
• He arrived back in 1106 and married Constance, daughter of Philip I of France
County of Edessa (1098 – 1144):
• Baldwin becomes the Count of Edessa in 1098 after he was adopted by Thoros
• Predominantly Normans
County of Tripoli (1109 – 1289):
• Tripoli was founded by Raymond of Toulouse (died in 1105) in 1109 – William Jordan
and Bertrand fought to gain control of the County to Baldwin split it between them
• William died and Bertrand became Count of Tripoli
• Generally a Frankish maritime state rather than kingdom
• Predominantly Provencians
Crusade of 1101:
• Continuation of the First Crusade (around 20,000 – 30,000)
• Crusaders sent messengers to the West urging fellow Christians to join them – Papal
Letters are also sent
• Motivation – Jerusalem’s capture made religious belief stronger
• Opportunity for deserters to complete their vows e.g. Stephen of Blois
• 2 armies set off – depleted by Muslim attacks, reach Jerusalem in spring 1102
• Provide large cavalry section of Battle of Ramla, 1102 and Jaffa, 1102
24
, The Role of Rulers (of Jerusalem)
Baldwin I (1100 – 1118)
• Takes title after Godfrey in November 1100
• Main priority was the conquest of coastal ports and defence against Fatamid forces
• Held his nobles in close control until issue of succession
• 1104 – besieged town of Acre, allowed inhabitants to stay, introduced a poll tax
• 1110 – Beirut and Sidon Ports captured
• 1115 – established authority in region south of Dead Sea to control trade routed between
Egypt and Syria and made them pay taxes, built castle of Montreal in Transjordan
• Died in 1118, Baldwin II of Edessa takes the throne
Baldwin II (1118 – 1131):
• Battle of the Field of Blood, June 1119 – crisis that Baldwin II dealt with, Il-Ghazi of
Mardin and Tughtigin of Damascus led an army against Roger of Antioch
o Roger of Antioch dies, 700 knights died, 3000-foot soldiers died
o Baldwin goes north to take command of Antioch - remarried widows to his men,
defended Antioch, preserved it under extreme pressure
• His reign was characterised by military necessity – 13 years of power led campaigns (19
campaigns) against Muslims, trying to help situation in Antioch
• Had to ride to Antioch 6 times, and was regent from 1119 - 1126
• 1125 – 1126 – fought Zerdana and A’zaz and won Damascus and Aleppo
• 1126 – victorious against Raphania in Egypt and Antioch
• Encouraged Hugh of Payns to go to the West for Papal endorsement for the order and
raise money and men for them
o Also to recruit men from Europe for another Crusade to expand territory - confidence
• Problem of succession – wife dead, had 4 daughters, married eldest to military leader
Fulk (ties with the west)
Melisende (with Fulk 1131 – 1143, with Baldwin III 1143 – 1155):
• Melisende marries Fulk in 1131, however there are internal problems caused by the
marriage – between Angevins and Natives
• The Franks begin to act against threat from Egyptian Ascalon
• There is considerable pressure on Antioch from Christians and Muslims
• Fulk dies in a hunting accident in 1143
• Melisende continued to govern in 1145 when Baldwin III came of age (15)
• June 1148 – leaders of the Second Crusade meet them in the great council at Palmarea to
decided attack on Damascus – Melisende leading partner, Baldwin III unhappy
• Baldwin exiles Melisende
25
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anish24shah. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.08. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
