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Ottoman tanzimat in practice and supplementary readings Week5
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Complete notes and reading summaries for Week 5 of Hist191 at Sabanci University
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Week 5Tanzimat in practice
Kaime (ottoman paper money) printed in 1840
Ceride I havadis newspaper published in 1840
Penal code aimed to address and punish corruption, bribery, and serious crimes however attempts made to rectify
deficiencies with the penal code in 1851 and 1858
Muhassil system for tax collection established but later abolished
Military service limited to 5 years with additional 2 years of reserve duty
1844 first population census conducted, new monetary system (Mecidiye system) introduced (coinage)
1845 primary education became compulsory however partly successful
1847 empire’s first annual state publication (almanac) published
Crimean war 1853-56
russia’s claim to protect orthodox Christians living in ottoman empire + conflicts btw Russia and france over status of
orthodox and catholic churches in Jerusalem initial sources of tension that led to war
Britain and france not wanting to jeopardize ottoman territorial integrity, sided with ottoman
In 1855 kingdom of Sardinia-piedmont also joined alliance
Russia occupied wallachia and Moldavia
Britain and france advanced thru the dardanelles towards the Bosphorus in istambul
Ottoman empire declared war
Battle of sinop victory of Russia 1853
Britain and france declared war on Russia
Siege of silistra, russia withdrew
Battle of alma, Russian defeat
Battle of balaclava, inconclusive
Battle of inkerman Russian defeat
Siege of Sevastopol, Russian defeat
Siege of kars Russian defeat
British photographer Roger Fenton: first war photographer, brought visuals of war to daily lives of people in the world
British nurse Florence Nightingale: served at stationery hospital within Selimiye Barracks in Scutari(Uskudar) during
Crimean war, implemented sanitary regulations after realizing that unsanitary regulations bad for soldiers’ health
Istanbul was initial deployment point fro soldiers from allied powers who were destined for battlefronts of black sea
Immersed themselves in local culture, crime rate increased, fake money fraud
European goods esp French cultural influences began to integrate into society
Aftermath of the war
Treaty of paris 1856 ended the war
Black sea declared neutral x=zone, free to trade
In russia, after death of Tsar, his son ascended and large scale reform movement began
Britain: primary victor, cabinet changed due to public dissent cuz of high death toll and war expenses
Franc maintained strong int image until defeat in Franco-Prussian war
1870 kingdom of Sardinia-piedmont victor of civil war and established italian state
Treaty of Paris march 1856
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