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EMT National Registry Test Review Questions and Answers
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EMT National Registry Test Review Questions and Answers
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EMT National Registry Test Review ExamQuestions and Answers (Review of all EMT
concepts)
Effects of Epinephrine - -Vasoconstrictor & Bronchodilator
-Effects of Nitroglycerin - -Vasodilator
-4 Contraindications for Nitroglycerin - -1) BP < 100 systolic
2) Already taken 3 doses
3) Last dose within 5 minutes
4) Sexual enhancement drugs within 48 hours
-What position is used for a patient with a protruding umbilical cord? - -
Knee-chest position
-Define gravida - -number of pregnancies
-Define para - -number of live births
-When to ventilate patients? - -When their breaths/min do not fall between
8<x<30
-% oxygen by BVM - -90%
-Emphysema - -Dead space in lungs, body retains carbon dioxide. Very
prone to upper resp. diseases like pneumonia.
-Congestive Heart Failure - -Heart can't pump blood sufficiently to meet the
body's needs. Commonly caused by MI. Pulmonary edema & rales from fluid,
sit patient upright (High fowlers, legs down) and administer high flow O2 via
NRB mask.
-Pulmonary embolism - -Blood clot that has travelled throughout the blood
stream and is blocking an artery of the lung.
-Pleural Effusion - -Collection of fluid outside the lung, compresses lung and
causes dypsnea. Stems from infection, CHF or cancer.
-Spontaneous Pneumothorax - -Usually caused by trauma. Pressure in
pleural pace keeps lungs inflated, pleuritic chest pain. Collapsed lung.
-Transient Ischemic Attack - -Precedes 1/3 of all strokes. Blockage or spasm
of blood vessel (clots), signs & symptoms must be gone within 24 hours.
, -Syncope/Syncopal Episode - -Brief LOC from transiet cerebral hypoxia.
Lasts less than 30 seconds, should then be immediately alert and oriented.
From vagal stimulation. (Fainting)
-Epilepsy - -Condition of reoccuring seizures.
-Petit Mal Seizure - -"Absence spells", usually in kids 6-12. Staring episodes,
mistaken for lack of attention.
-Grand Mal Seizure - -LOC & violent muscle contractions (what most people
think of when they picture a seizure).
-Pre-ictal (aura) - -Phase of Grand Mal Seizure, RIGHT before the seizure
occurs.
-Tonic Phase - -Stiffening of the limbs during a grand mal seizure. Breathing
may cease or decrease
-Clonic Phase - -Jerking of limbs and face, after the tonic phase.
-Post-ical phase - -After the tonic-clonic convulsions of a grand mal seizure,
the patient is altered, disoriented, and recovering.
-Status Epilepticus - -Repeated seizures without a break in between.
Continuous seizure lasting more than 10 minutes, 3 or more seizures in one
hour.
-Type 1 Diabetes - -10%, patient does not produce ANY insulin (by beta
cells of pancreas). Insulin=hormone enabling the cells to produce glucose.
-Type 2 Diabetes - -90%, patient doesn't produce enough insulin. (obesity,
old age, pancreatic disease, insulin resistance)
-V-fib - -Ventrical Fibrillation, chaotic electrical activity from many sites in
the heart. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillation
-3 major heat emergencies, in order of increasing severity - -Heat Cramps,
Heat Exhaustion, Heat stroke (ALTERED LOC)
-Air Embolism - -FAST onset, an air bubble lodged nto circulation.
Muscle/join pain
-The Bends or Decompression Sickness - -SLOW onset. Bubbles of gas
obstruct blood vessels, from rapid ascent. Abdominal/joint pain. Left lateral
or supine treatment for diving emergencies.
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