FNP (AANP) Study Guide
Microcytic Anemias - ANSIDA, Thalassemia, Lead Toxicity
Macrocytic Anemias - ANSB12 Deficiency and Folate deificiency
IDA - ANSMicrocytic, hypochromic
Patient Presentation with microcytic anemia - ANSWeakness, headache, irritability, fatigue, and
exercise intolerance. Worsening of angina or dementia
TIBC - ANSElevated with IDA
Average lifespan of RBCs - ANS100-120 days
RDW <15% - ANSLongstanding anemia in that all cells are small
RDW > 15% - ANSNew onset anemia; There is a mixture of normal and small RBCs
Iron Rich foods - ANSOrgan meats, red meats, dried peas and beans, whole grains, and dark,
green, leafy vegetables
Iron Replacement - ANS150-200 mg/d Elemental Iron x4-6 months
Beta Thalassemia - ANSAvoid excessive iron consumption and will need genetic counseling
Alpha Thalassemia - ANSAsians, Mediterranean origin, avoid inappropriate exposure to iron, no
therapy needed in minima and minor
Liver - ANSWhere excess iron is stored
Thalassemia Lab Results - ANSDecrease hct, hgb, MCV, and MCH
Normal RDW, serum iron, serum ferritin, and TIBC
IDA Lab Results - ANSDecrease in hgb, hct, MCV, MCH, serum iron, and serum ferritin
Elevated RDW & TIBC
RBC lifespan in chronic disease - ANS60-90 days
Macrocytosis Etiologies - ANSETOH abuse, substance abuse, celiac disease, IBS, pregnancy,
lactation, certain medications, and myelodysplastic syndromes
,Which macrocytic anemia is characterized by neuro changes? - ANSVit B12 (Folate does not
usually present with neuro changes)
Thrombocytopenia - ANSPlatelet count less than 150,000
Thrombocytopenia Etiology - ANSDrug induced, SLE, recent infection, idiopathic,
antiphospholipid syndrome, or leukemia
Agranular WBCs - ANSLymphocytes 20-25%
Monocytes 3-8%
Granular WBCs - ANSBasophils 0.5-1%
Neutrophils 60-70%
Eosinophils 2-4%
Eosinophils will increase with... - ANSAllergic reactions and parasitic infections
On a CBC think a viral infection when... - ANSPoly's and Lumphs are numerically close
On a CBC think bacterial infection when... - ANSPoly's and Lymphs are numerically distant
On a CBC, what will increase first with an infection? - ANSPoly's and Lymphs
Mono's on a CBC react within what amount of time in an infection? - ANS24 hours
What are bands? - ANSImmature WBCs and when present represents a bad infection
Common medications that can cause anemia - ANSMetformin and PPIs
Hgb to Hct ratio - ANS1:3
Only time you will see the Hgb : Hct ratio differ? - ANSSevere dehydration will decrease the Hct
because it is volume dependent
As MCV decreases, the RDW _____________? - ANSIncreases
As the MCV increases, the RDW ________________? - ANSIncreases
Normal response to anemia is________________ - ANSReticulocytosis
Most common etiology for normocytic normochromic anemia - ANSAcute blood loss or anemia
of chronic disease
At risk groups for alpha Thalassemia minor - ANSAAA
, Asian, African ancestry
At risk groups for beta Thalassemia minir - ANSBAMME
African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern ancestry
Drug-Induced Macrocytosis without anemia - ANSMCV elevated and MCH/RDW normal. Can
be caused by Dilantin, AZT, Depakote, or Tegretol
Most common type of anemia in childhood - ANSIDA
Most common type of anemia during pregnancy - ANSIDA
Most common type of anemia in women during reproductive years - ANSIDA
Most common type of anemia in the elderly - ANSAnemia of chronic disease
Risk of pregnancy in having a child with Thalassemia when the mother and father both have
beta Thalassemia minor - ANS1 in 4 chance with every pregnancy
Sickle Cell Anemia risks if the mother and father both have one copy of the sickle cell gene with
each pregnancy - ANS1:4 does not have sickle cell
2:4 one copy of sickle cell
1:4 has sickle cell anemia
Most common enzymatic disorder of red blood cells in humans - ANSG6PD
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
What do patients with G6PD need to avoid? - ANSSulfa drugs, aspirin, and fava beans because
consumption will precipitate lysis of RBCs
Primary cause of blindness in adults - ANSMacular degeneration
Second leading cause of blindness in adults - ANSCataracts
Pterygium - ANSCommon non-cancerous growth on cornea and conjunctiva; can grow and
cause blindness
Pinguecula - ANSYellow, white deposit on the conjunctiva; asymptomatic
Xanthasmas - ANSYellow plaque on the inner canthus; 50% of these patients have increased
lipids
Chalazion - ANSHard, non-tender nodule of the eyelid caused by inflammation of the
Meibomian gland; treatment is laser
Microcytic Anemias - ANSIDA, Thalassemia, Lead Toxicity
Macrocytic Anemias - ANSB12 Deficiency and Folate deificiency
IDA - ANSMicrocytic, hypochromic
Patient Presentation with microcytic anemia - ANSWeakness, headache, irritability, fatigue, and
exercise intolerance. Worsening of angina or dementia
TIBC - ANSElevated with IDA
Average lifespan of RBCs - ANS100-120 days
RDW <15% - ANSLongstanding anemia in that all cells are small
RDW > 15% - ANSNew onset anemia; There is a mixture of normal and small RBCs
Iron Rich foods - ANSOrgan meats, red meats, dried peas and beans, whole grains, and dark,
green, leafy vegetables
Iron Replacement - ANS150-200 mg/d Elemental Iron x4-6 months
Beta Thalassemia - ANSAvoid excessive iron consumption and will need genetic counseling
Alpha Thalassemia - ANSAsians, Mediterranean origin, avoid inappropriate exposure to iron, no
therapy needed in minima and minor
Liver - ANSWhere excess iron is stored
Thalassemia Lab Results - ANSDecrease hct, hgb, MCV, and MCH
Normal RDW, serum iron, serum ferritin, and TIBC
IDA Lab Results - ANSDecrease in hgb, hct, MCV, MCH, serum iron, and serum ferritin
Elevated RDW & TIBC
RBC lifespan in chronic disease - ANS60-90 days
Macrocytosis Etiologies - ANSETOH abuse, substance abuse, celiac disease, IBS, pregnancy,
lactation, certain medications, and myelodysplastic syndromes
,Which macrocytic anemia is characterized by neuro changes? - ANSVit B12 (Folate does not
usually present with neuro changes)
Thrombocytopenia - ANSPlatelet count less than 150,000
Thrombocytopenia Etiology - ANSDrug induced, SLE, recent infection, idiopathic,
antiphospholipid syndrome, or leukemia
Agranular WBCs - ANSLymphocytes 20-25%
Monocytes 3-8%
Granular WBCs - ANSBasophils 0.5-1%
Neutrophils 60-70%
Eosinophils 2-4%
Eosinophils will increase with... - ANSAllergic reactions and parasitic infections
On a CBC think a viral infection when... - ANSPoly's and Lumphs are numerically close
On a CBC think bacterial infection when... - ANSPoly's and Lymphs are numerically distant
On a CBC, what will increase first with an infection? - ANSPoly's and Lymphs
Mono's on a CBC react within what amount of time in an infection? - ANS24 hours
What are bands? - ANSImmature WBCs and when present represents a bad infection
Common medications that can cause anemia - ANSMetformin and PPIs
Hgb to Hct ratio - ANS1:3
Only time you will see the Hgb : Hct ratio differ? - ANSSevere dehydration will decrease the Hct
because it is volume dependent
As MCV decreases, the RDW _____________? - ANSIncreases
As the MCV increases, the RDW ________________? - ANSIncreases
Normal response to anemia is________________ - ANSReticulocytosis
Most common etiology for normocytic normochromic anemia - ANSAcute blood loss or anemia
of chronic disease
At risk groups for alpha Thalassemia minor - ANSAAA
, Asian, African ancestry
At risk groups for beta Thalassemia minir - ANSBAMME
African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern ancestry
Drug-Induced Macrocytosis without anemia - ANSMCV elevated and MCH/RDW normal. Can
be caused by Dilantin, AZT, Depakote, or Tegretol
Most common type of anemia in childhood - ANSIDA
Most common type of anemia during pregnancy - ANSIDA
Most common type of anemia in women during reproductive years - ANSIDA
Most common type of anemia in the elderly - ANSAnemia of chronic disease
Risk of pregnancy in having a child with Thalassemia when the mother and father both have
beta Thalassemia minor - ANS1 in 4 chance with every pregnancy
Sickle Cell Anemia risks if the mother and father both have one copy of the sickle cell gene with
each pregnancy - ANS1:4 does not have sickle cell
2:4 one copy of sickle cell
1:4 has sickle cell anemia
Most common enzymatic disorder of red blood cells in humans - ANSG6PD
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
What do patients with G6PD need to avoid? - ANSSulfa drugs, aspirin, and fava beans because
consumption will precipitate lysis of RBCs
Primary cause of blindness in adults - ANSMacular degeneration
Second leading cause of blindness in adults - ANSCataracts
Pterygium - ANSCommon non-cancerous growth on cornea and conjunctiva; can grow and
cause blindness
Pinguecula - ANSYellow, white deposit on the conjunctiva; asymptomatic
Xanthasmas - ANSYellow plaque on the inner canthus; 50% of these patients have increased
lipids
Chalazion - ANSHard, non-tender nodule of the eyelid caused by inflammation of the
Meibomian gland; treatment is laser
