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Samenvatting histologie van het ademhalingsstelsel: Blok cardiovasculair stelsel ademhaling nier en urinewegen

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  • Course
  • Cardiovasculair stelsel ademhaling nier en urinewegen
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Dit is een volledige samenvatting van histologie partim ademhalingsstelsel. Ik heb de powerpoint, mijn notities en OLIVIA verwerkt in deze samenvatting. op het einde heb ik telkens histologische afbeeldingen erin verwerkt + aanduidingen van de structuren! Mocht er iets mis zijn met de samenvatting ...

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  • January 24, 2024
  • 38
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • cardio
  • histo
  • ademhalingstelsel
  • olivia
  • urinewegen
  • samenvatting histologie van het ademhalingsstelsel
  • blok cardiovasculair stelsel ademhaling

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  • Universiteit Gent (UGent)
  • Geneeskunde
  • Cardiovasculair stelsel ademhaling nier en urinewegen
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2023-2024 Histologie van het
ademhalingsstelsel
Cardiovasculair stelsel, ademhaling, nier en
urinewegen




Emma Degroote
2DE BACH GENEESKUNDE

,Inhoudsopgave

Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Indeling ademhalingssysteem ............................................................................................................................. 4
Anatomische indeling ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Bovenste luchtwegen: ................................................................................................................................. 4
Onderste luchtwegen: ................................................................................................................................. 4
Functionele indeling ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Geleidende deel: ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Respiratoire deel: ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Neusholte ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

Componenten van de neusholte .......................................................................................................................... 5
Vestibulum nasi ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Nasale fossa..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Respiratoir epitheel ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Histologische beelden.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Nasale mucosa ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Respiratoir epitheel ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Paranasale sinussen ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Respiratoire mucosa ............................................................................................................................................ 8

Farynx............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Nasofarynx .......................................................................................................................................................... 8

Larynx ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Kraakbeenstructuren van de larynx..................................................................................................................... 9
Epitheel van de larynx ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Meerlagig plaveiselepitheel: ........................................................................................................................... 9
Respiratoir epitheel: ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Stembanden en stemspleet ............................................................................................................................... 10
Stembanden .................................................................................................................................................. 10
Medische toepassing ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Oorzaken van heesheid ................................................................................................................................. 10
Laryngectomie en kleuring ............................................................................................................................ 11

Histologische beelden........................................................................................................................................ 11
Stembanden en stemspleet .......................................................................................................................... 11
Valse stembanden ..................................................................................................................................... 11
................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Echte stembanden .................................................................................................................................... 12
................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Trachea, bronchi en long ............................................................................................................................... 13
Geleidenddeel .................................................................................................................................................... 13



1

, Trachea .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
4 concentrische lagen................................................................................................................................ 14
Mucosa .................................................................................................................................................. 14
Submucosa ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea ........................................................................................................... 14
Adventitia: ............................................................................................................................................. 14
Bronchi .......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Hoofdbronchi ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Intrapulmonaire bronchi ........................................................................................................................... 14
Bronchiolen: terminale bronchiolen ............................................................................................................. 15
Epitheel van terminale bronchiolen .......................................................................................................... 15
Respiratoir deel ................................................................................................................................................. 16
Bronchiolen: respiratoire bronchiolen .......................................................................................................... 16
Opbouw van respiratoir deel..................................................................................................................... 16
Respiratoire bronchiole ............................................................................................................................. 16
Ducti alveolares ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Alveolen..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Interalveolaire septa ............................................................................................................................. 17
Epitheelcellen ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Respiratoire membraan ............................................................................................................................ 17
Overzicht van bronchus naar alveolen .............................................................................................................. 18
Medische toepassing ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Squameuze metaplasie ................................................................................................................................. 19
Respiratoire bronchiolitis bij rokers .............................................................................................................. 19
Pathologie thv de alveolen ............................................................................................................................ 19
Longtumoren ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Epitheliale tumoren:.................................................................................................................................. 20
Histologische beelden........................................................................................................................................ 21
Trachea .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Intrapulmonaire bronchi ............................................................................................................................... 21
Respiratoire deel ........................................................................................................................................... 22
Alveolen......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Respiratoire membraan ............................................................................................................................ 23

Pleura ........................................................................................................................................................... 24

Medische toepassingen ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Pleuravochtcytologie ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Maligne mesothelioom ................................................................................................................................. 24
Histologische beelden........................................................................................................................................ 24

Histologische beelden: Olivia ........................................................................................................................ 25
Epilglottis........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Meerlagig niet verhoornd plaveiselepitheel ................................................................................................. 25
Bindweefsel ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Elastisch kraakbeen ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Klierepitheel .................................................................................................................................................. 26
Seromuceuze klieren ................................................................................................................................. 26


2

, Afvoergangen ............................................................................................................................................ 26

Trachea.............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Mucosa .......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Submucosa met seromukeuze klier .............................................................................................................. 27
Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea ................................................................................................................... 27
Adventitia met losmazig bindweefsel ........................................................................................................... 28
Longen: geleidenddeel ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Bronchiolen: .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Intrapulmonaire bronchi ............................................................................................................................... 29
Mucosa ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Submucosa ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Tunica fibromusculocartilaginea ............................................................................................................... 30
Adventitia .................................................................................................................................................. 30
Longen: respiratoir deel .................................................................................................................................... 31
Respiratoire bronchiolen ............................................................................................................................... 31
Ductus alveolaris en sacculus alveolaris ........................................................................................................ 31
Alveolen......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Arterie vs bronchiole ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Cellen ................................................................................................................................................................. 32
Stofcel............................................................................................................................................................ 32
Clara-cel vs trilhaarepitheelcel ...................................................................................................................... 32
Pneumocyt 1 vs pneumocyt 2 ....................................................................................................................... 33

Afbeeldingen ................................................................................................................................................ 34




3

, Inleiding
Ademhalingssysteem = respiratoir systeem
- Func7e: uitwisseling van O2 en CO2 tussen bloed en uitwendige omgeving
- Indeling ademhalingssysteem:
ñ Anatomische indeling
ñ Func7onele indeling

Indeling ademhalingssysteem
Anatomische indeling
Bovenste luchtwegen:
- Neusholte
- Sinussen
- Farynx

Onderste luchtwegen:
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Longen

Func2onele indeling
Geleidende deel:
- Func7e:
ñ Zuiveren
ñ Opwarmen en bevoch7gen van ingeademde lucht
ñ Reuk + geluid
ñ Con7nue luchtstroom verzekeren:
˃ kanalen met rigide basisopbouw + nodige flexibiliteit
- Onderdelen: Neusholte, nasofarynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiolen, terminale
bronchiolen

Respiratoire deel:
- Func7e: eigenlijke gasuitwisseling
- Dunne wand om uitwisseling mogelijk te maken
- Onderdelen: respiratoire bronchiolen, duc7 alveolares, alveolen




4

, Neusholte
Func7e van de neusholte:
- Opwarmen en bevoch7gen van ingeademde lucht:
ñ Opwarmen door dens capillair netwerk onder epitheliale oppervlak
ñ Bevoch7ging door kleine seromuceuze kliertjes
- Zuiveren van ingeademde lucht: mucuslaag
ñ Mucuslaag gemaakt door seromuceuze kliertjes + slijmbekercellen
- Immunologische func7e:
ñ Oppikken allergenen en an7genen in ingeademde lucht
˃ Epitheel: dendri7sche cellen
˃ Lamina propria: lymfoide elementen
ñ Immunoglobuline A produc7e
˃ Lamina propria: plasmacellen

2 componenten in linker en rechterneusholte:
1. Ves7bulum nasi
2. Eigenlijke neusholte = nasale fossa

Componenten van de neusholte
Ves2bulum nasi
= Overgang huid en eigenlijke neusholte
- Begrensd door septum en neusvleugels
ñ Septum zonder kraakbeen of bot
- Histologie van ves7bulum nasi
ñ Meerlagig verhoornd plaveiselepitheel
ñ Zweetklieren
ñ Sebumklieren
ñ Vibrissae = neusharen: grotere par7kels opvangen/filteren

Hier histologische overgang huid --> respiratoir epitheel Verhoorning verdwijnt
- Meerlagig verhoornd plaveiselepitheel
- Meerlagig niet-verhoornd plaveiselepitheel Vibrissae verdwijnen
- Cuboidaal tot columnair epitheel
Zweetklieren, sebumklieren verdwijnen
- Pseudomeerlagig trilhaarepitheel = respiratoir epitheel

Nasale fossa
Onderdelen nasale fossa:
- Neusseptum
ñ Distaal: hyalien kraakbeen
ñ Proximaal: bot
- 3 conchae bestaande uit os ethmoidale
ñ Onderste en middelste: respiratoir epitheel
ñ Bovenste: reukepitheel



5

, Bestaat uit respiratoir mucosa = epitheel + lamina propria
- Respiratoir epitheel op sterk gevasculariseerde lamina propria met
ñ Sereuze klieren
ñ Muceuze klieren


Respiratoir epitheel
5 belangrijkste celtypes => in contact met basale membraan
1. Trilhaarcellen
ñ Meest voorkomende celtype
ñ 250-300 cilia op apicale oppervlak
2. Slijmbekercellen
ñ Apicale granules gevuld met mucine glycoproteïnen
3. Borstelcellen: moeilijk te herkennen op lichtmicroscoop
ñ Stompe microvilli
ñ Chemosensoren
4. Kulchitsky cellen: moeilijk te herkennen op lichtmicroscoop
ñ Cellen met kleine granulen
ñ Neuro-endocriene cellen: hormonen vrijlaten
˃ Spiertonus: luchtwegen contrageren/ontspannen
5. Basale cellen
ñ Stamcellen: delen bij schade
6. Minder belangrijk: intra-epitheliale lymfocyten, dendri7sche cellen


Histologische beelden
Trilharen = typisch RE
Nasale mucosa
Respiratoir epitheel




Mucosa

Slijmbekercellen


Pseudomeerlagig epitheel ≠ meerlagig
- Alle cellen contact met BM
- Kernen op verschillende hoogte




6

, Vacuolen: kernen van trilhaarcellen + slijmbekercellen
Respiratoir epitheel


Basale membraan




Trilharen


Slijmbekercellen

Basale membraan




7

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