Exam (elaborations)

Seeking and Using Health Care Services (2 Weeks), Pre-test Health Final (part 1), Psych 313 chapter 9, Psych 313 chapter 8, CH.8, Health CH-7, PSYC 313 Midterm Ch. 7, Quiz 7, Chapter 7

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seeking and using health care services 2 weeks

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Seeking and Using Health Care Services (2 Weeks), Pre-
test Health Final (part 1), Psych 313 chapter 9, Psych 313
chapter 8, CH.8, Health CH-7, PSYC 313 Midterm Ch. 7,
Quiz 7, Chapter 7

Chronic stress appears to _____.
A. contribute to psychological distress and physical illness
B. habituate people to negative life events
C. be unrelated to negative life events
D. be unrelated to illness

A. contribute to psychological distress and physical illness

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome, the organism makes efforts to cope with
the threat.

False

Studies conducted to test individual differences in stress reactivity have suggested that
psychobiological reactivity to stress is an important factor in determining the likelihood that stress
will contribute to illness.

True

The occurrence of daily hassles _____.
A. bears no relationship to physical health.
B. reduces psychological well-being over the short term.
C. markedly enhances reports of physical symptoms.
D. are poor predictors of physical health than major life events.

B. reduces psychological well-being over the short term

Researchers investigating the effects of multiple roles on women conclude that _____.
A. outside employment can be harmful for women's well-being
B. having control and flexibility over the work environment increases the likelihood of stress
C. having adequate child care reduces the likelihood of stress
D. combining motherhood with employment can help improve self-esteem

D. combining motherhood with employment can help improve self-esteem

Who of the following is LEAST likely to experience illness due to the stress associated with their job?
A. Susie, a single mother of a five-year old boy, works long hours in a low-paying position.
B. Mary Lou, a married mother of two young children, works in a low-paying service job 40 hours per
week.

,C. Sally, a single mother of a five-year old daughter, is a lawyer with flexible hours.
D. Miranda, a married mother with two young children, is a lawyer with flexible hours.

D. Miranda, a married mother with two young children, is a lawyer with flexible hours.

Workers who suffer from work overload _____ compared with workers who do not experience
overload.
A. feel less stressed
B. practice better health habits
C. have a better circadian rhythm
D. sustain more health risks

D. sustain more health risks

Sarah is scheduled for a hysterectomy. A health psychologist visits her in the hospital and finds that
she is worried about the pain involved in the surgery. The psychologist clearly explains the procedure
to Sarah and answers her questions to ease her worries. He also teaches her a relaxation technique
that she can use before the surgery to control her anxiety. The psychologist explains the drug-delivery
method to her so she understands when and how much of the pain-relief drug she will receive. In this
case, the health psychologist is conducting a(n) _____ intervention.

control-enhancing

The benefits of social support are greatest when

the person from whom one is seeking support is perceived to be responsive to one's needs

Coping efforts are considered to be successful if they

reduce psychological distress.

Sarah is taking a stress management class. Her instructor provides her with a variety of techniques to
combat stress and identify the stress carriers in her environment. Sarah is instructed to try the
techniques to identify the ones that work best for her so she can confront stressful situations. In this
case, the instructor is using ________ training.

assertiveness

________ is a form of social support that involves the provision of services, financial assistance, or
goods.

tangible assistance

What does the buffering hypothesis state about the moderation of stress by social support?

Social support offers little benefit in periods of low stress

The biggest gap between the rich and the poor in the use of medical services is reflected in the

the use of preventative health services

The health belief model predicts the treatment-seeking behavior of

,people with money and access to health services.

People sometimes abuse health services by complaining about problems that are medically
insignificant.

True

________ is known as the time it takes an individual to decide that a symptom is serious.

Appraisal delay

A symptom is likely to prompt an individual to seek treatment if

it affects a valued organ.

Herpes is an example of the ________ model of illness.

cyclic

In which of the following conditions is treatment adherence likely to be the highest?

when a person lives in a cohesive family

Mindfulness meditation is known to be an effective treatment for a functional disorder known as

fibromyalgia

Dietary interventions, which include foods that shift the ________ balance, are a staple of Traditional
Chinese Medicine.

yin-yang

________ involves performing adjustments on the spine and joints to correct misalignments that are
believed to both prevent and cure illness.

Chiropractic medicine

________ can result from personal theories about a disorder and its treatment.

Creative nonadherence

Providers who exude warmth, confidence, and empathy get weaker placebo effects than providers
who are remote and formal.

False

Implement interventions designed to communicate effectively with patients by developing a
presentation to promote health in a specific community.

you can choose to do a powerpoint, a blog post, or youtube video (just easy examples) that will give
information about the behavior itself, how it is bad for health, what strategies you can use to help, give
good sources, cite properly, and choose delivery based on your population targeted. (Ex - kids - youtube,
elderly, live talk with printed handouts, etc.)

, Describe the various kinds of CAM therapies available and describe complementary and alternative
medicine.

Moreover, a protocol or regimen's success and adherence to interventions are strengthened by an
integrated approach between clients, practitioners, and wellness providers. Sometimes individuals who
use CAM do not disclose this information to their other wellness providers, like medical doctors. The
health psychology field encourages open communication, as do those who recognize the value of an
integrated approach to wellness and thriving.
Students are encouraged to explore the medical and wellness services available in their community.
Doctors, chiropractors, nutritionists, trainers, spiritual leaders, healers, acupuncturists, therapists,
counselors, hospital support groups, and fitness centers are examples of services that can support an
individual's ability to sustain health and wellness strategies, promote holistic thriving, and support an
integrated model of service.

Describe the causes of nonadherance to treatment regimens.

A significant area of interest for health psychologists is the research and investigation of factors that
influence the adherence and lack of adherence to regimens.
An important consideration in effective health services is the relationship established between the
wellness provider and the client.
The "relationship" is significant not only in the medical model but certainly in the biopsychosocial and
holistic wellness models, too.
As wellness practitioners seek to provide quality services, it is imperative that we recognize the
individualistic nature of clients' cultural considerations including but not limited to: ethnicity, religion,
geographic influences, social membership, education, socioeconomic status, etc.
It's also important for us to recognize the impact of these factors on health behaviors and holistic
wellness.
Clear communication and utilizing compassionate, simple terms with clients can help development the
strong relationship we want. Avoiding professional jargon and using active listening and collaborative
approaches to goals and strategies can strengthen the relationship and support adherence to health and
wellness interventions and support the maintenance stage of positive change.Moreover, medication
nonadherence is frequent among older adults because of low self-efficacy or a lack of confidence in the
physician's knowledge (Chia et al., 2006). A study by Jerry H. Gurwitz and others (2003) showed that
adverse drug events are common and often preventable among older persons in the ambulatory clinical
setting. Prevention strategies should target the prescribing and monitoring stages of pharmaceutical
care. Interventions focused on improving patient adherence with prescribed regimens and monitoring of
prescribed medications may be beneficial. Such results indicate that personal and cultural beliefs are
important considerations. Health practitioners hold cognitive representations of illness and the patient
prototypes. Thus, practitioner stereotypes about their patients may influence the diagnosis of symptoms
as well as the quality of care provided to the patient (Mandy, Lucas, and Hodgson, 2007).The chapter by
Dunbar-Jacob and Schlenk (2000) can be used to extend the text's discussion of adherence. The authors
examine the problems inherent in assessing adherence and predictors of poor adherence and their
relation to clinical outcomes. The authors suggest some interventions to promote adherence. The social
support literature provides evidence for the relationship of social support and health. DiMatteo's (2004)
meta-analysis indicates that social support may contribute to increased adherence. Christensen's (2004)
book discusses nonadherence from a psychological and behavioral perspective. In addition, his

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Exam (elaborations)

Seeking and Using Health Care Services (2 Weeks), Pre-test Health Final (part 1), Psych 313 chapter 9, Psych 313 chapter 8, CH.8, Health CH-7, PSYC 313 Midterm Ch. 7, Quiz 7, Chapter 7

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