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Solutions Manual Fluid Mechanics for Civil and Environmental Engineers 1st Edition by Ahlam Shalaby

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Solutions, Solutions Manual Fluid Mechanics for Civil and Environmental Engineers 1st Edition by Ahlam Shalaby. ISBN. 9780849337376.

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solution manual
solutions
ahlam i shalaby
1st edition
solutions for fluid mechanics
civil and environmental engineers

Institution Automotive Mechanic And Electronic
Course Automotive Mechanic And Electronic

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL
Fluid Mechanics for Civil and Environmental Engineers 1st Edition Shalaby

SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER 1 END OF CHAPTER PROBLEMS

Problems with a "C" are conceptual problems. Problems with a "BG" are in English units.
Problems with an "SI" are in metric units. Problems with a "BG/SI" are in both English
and metric units. All "BG" and "SI" problems that require computations are solved using
Mathcad.

INTRODUCTION, FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF FLUID MECHANICS,
TYPES OF FLUID FLOW

1-1C List, and define the three basic units of study in the fundamental principles

of fluid mechanics? What important principle is each unit of study based on? What

important equation(s) does each unit of study yield?

Ans. 1-1 The fundamental principles of fluid mechanics include three basic units of

study: fluid statics, fluid kinematics, and fluid dynamics. Fluid statics is based upon the

principles of hydrostatics, which yield the pressure equation. Fluid kinematics is based

upon the principle of conservation of mass, which yields the continuity equation. And,

fluid dynamics is based upon the principle of conservation of momentum (Newton's

second law of motion), which yields the equations of motion, known as the energy

equation and the momentum equation.

1-2C What are the two important principles that may be used do derive the

energy equation?

Ans. 1-2 The energy equation may be derived based on either the principle of

conservation of momentum (Newton's second law of motion), or the principle of

conservation of energy (the first law of thermodynamics).

1

,1-3C The basic unit of study fluid dynamics includes what topic, which yields

the resistance equations?

Ans. 1-3 The basic unit of study fluid dynamics also includes the topic of

dimensional analysis, which yields the resistance equations.

1-4C What is the difference between internal flow and external flow?

Ans. 1-4 Internal flows include pressure (pipe) flow, and gravity (open channel)

flow. External flows include the flow around objects.

1-5C What are the three governing equations in fluid flow?

Ans. 1-5 The three governing equations in fluid flow are the continuity equation,

the energy equation, and the momentum equation.

1-6C What is the difference between the Eulerian approach and the Lagrangian

approach in the application of the governing equations?

Ans. 1-6 The Eulerian approach is an integral approach, and the Lagrangian

approach is a differential approach in the application of the governing equations.

1-7C The energy equation and the momentum equation play complementary

roles in the analysis of a given flow situation. Explain.

Ans. 1-7 Complementary roles mean that when one of the two equations of motion

breaks down, the other may be used to find the additional unknown quantity.

2

,1-8C What determines the type of fluid flow? List the seven classifications of

fluid flow.

Ans. 1-8 The characteristics/properties of a fluid system, along with the fluid

kinematics and fluid dynamics will determine the type of flow. The seven classifications

of fluid flow are: 1) internal vs. external flow, 2) pipe (internal) vs. open channel

(internal) flow, 3) real vs. ideal flow, 4) compressible vs. incompressible flow, 5)

spatially varied (non-uniform) vs. spatially uniform flow, 6) unsteady vs. steady flow,

and 7) one-dimensional vs. two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional flow.

1-9C A real flow may be subdivided into laminar or turbulent flow depending

upon the value of what dimensionless number?

Ans. 1-9 A real flow may be subdivided into laminar or turbulent flow depending

upon the value of the Reynolds number, R = ρvL/µ.

1-10C What are seven important physical properties/characteristics of fluids?

Ans. 1-10 Seven important physical properties/characteristics of fluids include mass

density, specific gravity, specific weight, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, and

bulk modulus.

DIMENSIONS AND UNITS

1-11C What are the four fundamental/primary dimensions used to express the

physical quantities of fluid flow, and the physical properties/characteristics of fluids ?

3

, Ans. 1-11 The four fundamental/primary dimensions used to express the physical

quantities of fluid flow, and the physical properties/characteristics of fluids are: force, F

or mass, M, length, L, time, T, and temperature, θ.

1-12C What does it mean for an equation to be dimensionally homogenous? Give

an example of a dimensionally homogenous equation.

Ans. 1-12 An equation is dimensionally homogenous when the dimensions of each

term of the equation are identical. For example:

Q = vA (the continuity equation)

[LT-3] = [LT-1][L2]

[LT-3] = [LT-3]

1-13C What are two commonly used system of units? What are the primary

dimensions for each system of units? What are units for the primary dimensions for each

system of units?

Ans. 1-13 Two commonly used system of units are the British Gravitational (BG)

(English) system, and the International System (SI) (metric) system. The units for the

primary dimensions in the English system, F, L, T, and θ are pounds, feet, seconds, and

Rankine or Fahrenheit, respectively. The units for the primary dimensions in the metric

system, M, L, T, and θ are kilogram, meter, seconds, and Kelvin or Celsius, respectively.

4

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