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Samenvatting - Biotechnologie theorie BC 3
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samenvatting biotechnologie theorie
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InhoudBiotechnologie........................................................................................................................................2
1 Witte biotechnologie...........................................................................................................................2
1.1 Bio-ethanol...................................................................................................................................2
1.1.1 1ste generatie: suiker, zetmeel.................................................................................................2
1.1.2 2de generatie: lignocellulose biomassa...................................................................................2
1.1.3 3de generatie: algen................................................................................................................2
1.2 Bio-gas..........................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Waspoeders..................................................................................................................................2
1.4 Bioplastic......................................................................................................................................3
1.4.1 Bio-PE (&bio-PET)..................................................................................................................3
1.4.2 Polyacrylamide.......................................................................................................................3
1.4.3 Polylactic acid PLA..................................................................................................................3
1.4.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoaat PHA....................................................................................................3
2 Bio farmaceutica..................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Recombinante DNA technologie...................................................................................................4
2.2 Hoofdrolspelers in fermentatie:....................................................................................................5
2.3 Nevenspelers in de fermentatie....................................................................................................5
2.4 Transgene planten........................................................................................................................5
3 Rode biotechnologie............................................................................................................................6
3.1 CRISPR-CAS technologie...............................................................................................................6
3.1.1 werking..................................................................................................................................6
3.1.2 Manipulatie van CRSPR..........................................................................................................6
3.2 Vaccinatietechnologie...................................................................................................................7
3.3 Monoclonale antibodies...............................................................................................................7
3.3.1 Strategieën voor vaccin ontwikkeling.....................................................................................9
4 Celcultuur..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Isolatie van cellen:......................................................................................................................10
4.2 1HEK293T cellen.........................................................................................................................10
, Biotechnologie
Definitie: technologie om cellen of bestanddelen ervan commercieel en nuttig te manipuleren en te
exploiteren met als doel een nuttige omzetting te realiseren, grondstoffen of organismen aan te
maken.
GGO’s: genetisch gemanipuleerde organismen
1 Witte biotechnologie
= industrie sector: energie, chemische producten, voedsel, omgeving, …
Doel: van olie gebaseerde industrie bio gebaseerde industrie
Uitdagingen: kostprijs, technologische uitdagingen, regelgeving, consument overtuigen
Werkt obv enzymen (=biokatalisatoren)
1.1 Bio-ethanol
Input bronnen:
1.1.1 1ste generatie: suiker, zetmeel
Competitie met voeding
1.1.2 2de generatie: lignocellulose biomassa
Afvalfracties van gewassen complexe (=dure) omzetting tot ethanol
Cellulose glucose
Omzetting gebeurt met enzymen (maag herkauwers)
Hemicellulose (verschillende 6C suikers) xylose
Lignine delignificatie cellulose
Stoomexplosie, zuur behandeling, enzymen, oplossen in organische solventen
Lignine als afvalstroom, veel onderzoek naar
1.1.3 3de generatie: algen
Veel onderzoek naar, nog niet commercieel
1.2 Bio-gas
60% methaan 35% CO2 restfractie (NH3+ H2+ H2S)
Anaerobe vergisting van organisch materiaal
1.3 Waspoeders
Enzymen waardoor lagere temperatuur wassen en hardnekkigere vlekken (lipase, protease, cellulase)
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