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Unit 9 btec applied science assignment
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this is my unit 9 btec applied science assigment 1 which achieved a distinction grade.
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Explaining the structure and functional role of the musculoskeletal system inthe human body.
The human musculoskeletal system contributes to the body's structure, stability, and movement. It
encompasses various components, including bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage,
and other connective tissues. Connective tissue is responsible for supporting and connecting organs
and tissues, consisting of collagen and elastic fibers composed of different proteins.
The skeletal system plays a crucial role in protecting internal organs, providing support for the body's
weight, and giving the body its shape. Additionally, the skeletal system serves as attachment points
for muscles, allowing them to exert force and facilitate body movement.
The human skeleton:
The human body is supported by a framework of bones known as the skeleton. In adults, the
skeleton consists of 206 bones. During infancy and adolescence, some bones fuse together, resulting
in a higher bone count in younger individuals. The primary functions of the skeleton are to provide
attachment points for muscles, enabling body movement, and to provide a sturdy internal structure
that can bear the body's weight against the force of gravity.
The lower portion of the skeleton is specifically designed to offer stability during activities like
running or walking. In contrast, the upper skeleton allows for greater mobility, range of motion, and
characteristics that facilitate lifting and carrying objects. The skeleton serves multiple purposes,
including supporting the body's motion, providing storage and protection, and safeguarding vital
organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, and pelvic organs.
Moreover, the bones of the skeleton serve as a crucial reservoir for essential minerals like calcium
and phosphorus. Additionally, bone marrow, found inside the bones, functions as a site for the
production of blood cells and storage of fat.
The axial skeleton appendicular skeleton are the two components of the human skeleton.
, Roles of the axial skeleton
1. The fragile brain is protected by the complex skull, which also contains the sensory
organs. The 22 bones that make up the cranium are connected by fixed joints known
as sutures. The auditory ossicles, which are tiny bones that convey sound vibrations
to the inner ear, and the hyoid bone, a special bone in the neck that supports the
tongue and facilitates speaking, are both parts of the skull.
2. 2. Spinal Column: The 33 vertebrae that make up the spinal column are layered one
on top of the other to create a flexible and durable column. The cervical vertebrae
(neck), thoracic vertebrae (upper back), lumbar vertebrae (lower back), sacrum (the
triangle bone at the base of the spine), and coccyx (the tailbone) are the five sections
that make up the vertebrae. The vertebral column shields the spinal cord, a lengthy
bundle of nerves that runs from the brain down the spinal column.
3. The appendicular skeleton encompasses the bones of the upper and lower limbs, as
well as the pelvic and pectoral girdles that connect these limbs to the axial skeleton.
In adults, the appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones. The lower portion of the
appendicular skeleton is specifically adapted to provide stability during activities like
running or walking. On the other hand, the upper portion of the appendicular
skeleton enables the lifting and carrying of objects, but exhibits less mobility and a
more limited range of motion. A separate chapter is dedicated to the detailed
coverage of the bones of the appendicular skeleton.
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