ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM WITH UPDATED SOLUTIONS

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM WITH UPDATED SOLUTIONS what is another name for the sympathetic nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWERadrenergic (fight or flight) what is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWERcholinergic (rest and digest) what are the receptors of the sympathetic nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWERalpha beta dopaminergic what does the alpha 1 stimulate? - CORRECT ANSWER-vasoconstriction what does the alpha 2 stimulate? - CORRECT ANSWER-vasodilation what does the beta 1 stimulate? - CORRECT ANSWER-heart what does the beta 2 stimulate? - CORRECT ANSWER-lungs what does the dopaminergic receptor stimulate? - CORRECT ANSWER-dilation of renal arteries, increase heart rate, and increase blood pressure what are neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER-chemicals used to carry impulses from neurons to neurons or from neurons to tissue receptors what are the SNS neurotransmitters? - CORRECT ANSWER-catecholamines what are the three neurotransmitters in catecholamines? - CORRECT ANSWERnorepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine what is the primary neurotrnsmitter for the SNS - CORRECT ANSWER-norepinephrine what two enzymes break down catecholamines in the synaptic cleft and the liver? - CORRECT ANSWER-MAO and COMT what do MOA and COMT do? - CORRECT ANSWER-they metabollize or break down any remaining norepinephrine after adrenergic transmission what is the system of the SNS - CORRECT ANSWER-catecholamines are produced by the SNS, then stored in vesicles or granules in the ends of nerves and wait for the nerve to be stimulated, then stimulation causes a release of catecholamines into the synaptic cleft (space between nerve ending and effector organ), the catecholamines bind to receptor sites, making effector organs respond -- this action is stopped by action of enzymes and reuptake of the neurotransmitter what is the location of alpha 1? - CORRECT ANSWER-smooth miscles or peripheral blood vessel, sphincter of GI/GU tracts, bladder sphincter, penis, iris when alpha 1 is stimulated what does it cause? - CORRECT ANSWERvasoconstriction, decreased Gi motility, constriction of sphincters in the GI/GU, ejaculation, mydriasis, decreased secretions, stress induced sweating where is alpha 2 located? - CORRECT ANSWER-nerve membranes what does stimulation of alpha 2 cause? - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased CNS sympathetic outflow where is beta 1 located? - CORRECT ANSWER-receptors in the heart muscle, beta cells of pancreas, and kidney what happens when beta 1 is stimulated? - CORRECT ANSWER-increase heart rate, decreased insulin, increased renin secretion where is beta 2 located? - CORRECT ANSWER-two lobes of lungs. uterus smooth muscles, liver, skeletal muscles, blood vessels (brain, heart, and skeletal vessels) what happens when beta 2 is stimulated? - CORRECT ANSWER-bronchodilation, uterine muscle relaxation, breakdown of stored glucose, tremors, dilation of blood vessels (brain, heart, and skeletal muscles) therapeutic uses of adrenergics? - CORRECT ANSWER-bronchodilation and nasal decongestant what medications cause bronchodilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-albuterol sulfate, epinephrine, iroproterenol hydrochloride, terbutaline, salmeterol albuterol sulfate - CORRECT ANSWER-prevents acute problems; drug of choice for short acting bronchodilation epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER-drug of choice for anaphylaxis isoproterenol hydrochloride - CORRECT ANSWER-activates beta 1 & 2; prevents asmtha attacks