Summary NURS 350 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISORDERS [ ARIZONA COLLEGE OF NURSING]
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Course
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Institution
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Introduction
The cardiovascular system is composed of heart, blood vessels, and blood. This system circulates blood all over the body to supply oxygen, nutrients, hormones, etc. In simple terms, its main functions are:
1) Distribution of O, and nutrients (such as glucose, amino acids) to all th...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISORDERS
Introduction
The cardiovascular system is composed of heart, blood vessels, and
blood. This system circulates blood all over the body to supply
oxygen, nutrients, hormones, etc. In simple terms, its main functions
are:
1) Distribution of O, and nutrients (such as glucose, amino acids) to
all the body tissues,
2) Transportation of CO, and metabolic waste products (such as urea)
from tissues to lungs and excretory organs,
3) Distribution of water, electrolytes, and hormones throughout the
body,
4) Contribution to the infrastructure of immune system, and
5) Thermoregulation.
Diseases of heart or blood vessels are termed as cardiovascular
diseases (CVD) and some of them include:
1) Hypertension,
2) Congestive Heart Failure (CHF),
3) ischemic heart disease,
4) Angina pectoris,
5) Myocardial infarction,
6) Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis,
7) Cardiac arrhythmia,
8) Thrombosis and embolism, and
9) Hypercholesterolemia.
, Hypertension
Hypertension (or high Blood Pressure, BP) is a common condition in
which the long-term force of the blood against artery walls is high
enough that it may eventually cause severe health complications
mainly related to heart disease.
A condition in which the blood pressure of the systemic artery
increases beyond the normal pressure is known as hypertension.
Therefore, to deliver blood to tissues, the heart works harder to
overcome the increased systemic pressure. This increased systemic
arterial pressure puts strain on the heart and other arteries that result in
high blood pressure.
Types
Depending on the causes, hypertension is of the following two types:
1) Primary (Essential) Hypertension: This is the most common
type of hypertension. About 90-95% cases of hypertension are
recognised as the cases of essential hypertension. There is no
exact medical condition that can explain the raised blood
pressure, it is the result of a complex multi-factorial disorder.
2) Secondary Hypertension: In this condition, the high blood
pressure results due to other diseases, e.g., tumours (adrenal
adenoma or pheochromocytoma), renal, endocrine, and cardiac
disorders, etc.
Hypertension Crisis: It is a severe condition in which increased
blood pressure may lead to heart stroke. In this condition, blood
vessels get damaged due to increased systolic blood pressure
(180mmHg or higher) and increased diastolic pressure
(120mmHg or higher). Thus, the heart fails to pump blood
effectively to the body.
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