,1. Een blik op de internationale handel..................................................................................................3
1. Waarom internationale handel.......................................................................................................3
2. De handel in de wereld...................................................................................................................3
3. De internationale handel van België...............................................................................................4
2. Internationale handelspolitiek............................................................................................................5
1. Begrippen.......................................................................................................................................5
2. Soorten handelsakkoorden.............................................................................................................6
2.1 Economische integratie............................................................................................................6
2.2 Preferentiële handelsakkoorden..............................................................................................8
3. De Europese Gemeenschap............................................................................................................9
3.1 EGKS..........................................................................................................................................9
3.3 Hoe ver staat de Europese Unie?..............................................................................................9
3.4 De relaties van de EU met derde landen.................................................................................10
4. Andere vormen van internationale samenwerking......................................................................11
4. Internationale verkopen en de Incoterms®......................................................................................12
1. Distributie en verkoop..................................................................................................................12
Plaats van de handel en de distributie binnen de bedrijfskolom..................................................12
Verkoop.......................................................................................................................................12
2. De verkoopovereenkomst............................................................................................................14
3. De leveringsvoorwaarden - Incoterms®........................................................................................14
5. Documenten in de internationale handel.........................................................................................31
2. De vervoersdocumenten..............................................................................................................31
2.1 Bill of lading............................................................................................................................31
2.2 Binnenvaartconnossement.....................................................................................................32
2.3 CMR-vrachtbrief.....................................................................................................................33
2.4 CIM-vrachtbrief.......................................................................................................................34
2.5 Air Way Bill.............................................................................................................................34
3. Gewichtscertificaat.......................................................................................................................34
3.1 Invoer- en uitvoervergunning.................................................................................................34
3.2 Oorsprongdocumenten..........................................................................................................35
3.3 Gewichtscertificaat.................................................................................................................35
3.4 Gezondheids- en fytosanitair certificaat.................................................................................35
3.5 Inspectiecertificaat.................................................................................................................35
3.6 Factuur & paklijst....................................................................................................................36
7. Douaneformaliteiten........................................................................................................................36
1. Enkele algemene begrippen i.v.m. de douane..............................................................................36
1
, 1.1 Taak van de douane................................................................................................................36
1.2 Soorten belastingen m.b.t. het buitenland.............................................................................37
1.3 Accijnzen.................................................................................................................................38
2. Het tarief van invoerrechten........................................................................................................39
2.1 Omschrijving...........................................................................................................................39
2.2 Nomenclatuur.........................................................................................................................39
2.3 Maatstaf van heffing...............................................................................................................41
3. Douanewaarde.............................................................................................................................41
3.1 Bepalen van de douanewaarden............................................................................................41
4. Soorten douaneverrichtingen.......................................................................................................42
9. Betalingsmiddelen en betalingstechnieken in de internationale handel..........................................44
9.2 Betalingsmiddelen......................................................................................................................44
9.2.1 Transfers..............................................................................................................................45
9.2.1.1 De Europese overschrijving...........................................................................................45
9.2.1.2 Internationale overschrijving........................................................................................46
9.2.1.3 SWIFT............................................................................................................................47
9.2.1.4 ISABEL...........................................................................................................................47
9.2.1.5 Doorlopende opdracht..................................................................................................47
9.2.1.6 Domiciliëring.................................................................................................................48
9.1.2.7 De Western Union-geldtransfer van en naar het buitenland........................................49
9.2.2 Debetkaart...........................................................................................................................49
9.2.3 Kredietkaart.........................................................................................................................49
9.2.4 Cheque.................................................................................................................................50
9.2.4.1 Definitie........................................................................................................................50
9.2.4.2 Wettelijke vermeldingen...............................................................................................50
9.2.4.3 Bepalingen van de begunstigde en overdracht.............................................................50
9.2.5 Wisselbrief...........................................................................................................................51
9.2.5.2 De partijen....................................................................................................................51
9.2.5.6 Acceptatie.....................................................................................................................52
9.2.5.7 Het aval of het avaliseren van een wissel.....................................................................52
9.2.5.8 De overdracht van de wisselbrief of het endosseren....................................................52
9.2.5.9 Het protest....................................................................................................................52
9.3 Betalingstechnieken...................................................................................................................53
9.3.1 Documentair incasso...........................................................................................................53
9.3.2 Documentair krediet (Letter of Credit, L/C).........................................................................54
11. Risico’s bij internationale handel....................................................................................................55
2
, 11.1 Risico van niet betaling.............................................................................................................55
11.1.1 Risico voor de levering van de goederen...........................................................................55
11.1.2 Risico na de levering van de goederen...............................................................................55
11.2 Politiek risico.............................................................................................................................56
11.3 Wisselkoersrisico......................................................................................................................56
Hoofdstuk 11........................................................................................................................................59
Hoofdstuk 11........................................................................................................................................61
1. Een blik op de internationale handel
1. Waarom internationale handel
Wereldhandel: Het is de som van alle handelstransacties tussen landen. Een exporttransactie
betreft een verkoop van producten aan een buitenlandse partij. Een importtransactie betreft
de koop van producten van een buitenlandse partij.
BBP (GDP): Het is van een land of van een regio is de marktwaarde van alle goederen en
diensten die er op één jaar tijd worden geproduceerd. Het is een veel gebruikte maatstaf
voor de welvaartscreatie van een land of regio.
BNP: Het is het totale inkomen van de mensen die in een land wonen, ongeacht of ze in dat
land of het buitenland werken. Het bnp per hoofd van de bevolking is een veelgebruikte
maatstaf voor de grootte van een economie.
2. De handel in de wereld
Tabellen analyseren: hoe?
Evolutie wereldhandel en bbp
Spreiding van de wereldhandel
Ranking belangrijkste exporterende en importerende landen
Belangrijkste handelsregio’s
Goed de tabellen analyseren, elke woord telt
3
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