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samenvatting - geologische tijd (systeem aarde)
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samenvatting van het hoofdstuk 'geologische tijd' van het vak systeem Aarde: geologie. Deze leerstof werd gegeven door prof. Louwye
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De geologische tijdAlgemeen
Relatieve datering: chronologische volgorde
Absolute datering: specifieke data (1 Ma, 1 Ga)
Radiometrische datering: radioactieve isotopen
Wetenschappertjes
Henri Becquerel: radioactiviteit (1896)
A Holmes: duale geologische tijdschaal
Marie + Pierre Curie: Radium
Rutherforth: geologische klok (Ra He)
James Usher: schepping: 23/10/-4004 (Aarde max 6000 jr)
Cuvier + Brogniart: Catastrofisme: cataclysmen schepping
Buckland: Diluviasme (catastrofisme x bijbel)
Buffon: aarde vloeibaar langzaam afkoelen (A minstens 75.000 jr)
James Hutton: “the result, therefore, is that we find no vestige of a beginning, no prospect on
an end”
o Hedendaagse processen = verklaring
o Uniformitarianisme actualisme actualiteitsprincipe
William Thomsom (Lord Kelvin): 100 Ma < A < 20 Ma
Halley: ouderdom zoutgehalte vd oceanen
John Joly: A tssn de 90-100 Ma
Walcott: dikte van de sedimentaire strata (hiaten)
Charles Lyell: uniform + progressief
Werner: Neptunisme
Charles Darwin: evolutieleer
Relatieve datering
Superpositie
= elke laag is ouder dan deze die erop rust en jonger dan deze waarop ze rust
Nicolaus Steno (1669)
Principe van doorsnijdende relaties
Extrusieve vs intrusieve gesteenten (UITZONDERING)
o Bakking
o Dike – sil
Terrasafzetting UITZONDERING
Oorspronkelijke laterale continuïteit
= in water afgezette laag zich latraal in alle richtingen uitstrekt tot ze dunner wordt/verdwijnt/van
steensoort overgaan
Nicolaus Steno
Oorspronkelijke horizontaliteit
= sedimentaire lagen in horizontale positie worden afgezet
Nicolaus Steno
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