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US EPA Model Lead Inspector Exam|564 Questions and Answers/A+ Rated
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US EPA Model Lead Inspector Exam|564 Questions and Answers/A+
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Lead Inspector - -A certified individual who conducts a surface-by-surface
investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint.
-Lead Risk Assessor Job Description - -Determining the existence, nature,
severity, and location of lead-based paint hazards in an entire residential
dwelling or child-occupied facility, and provides a written report explaining
the results of the investigation and options for reducing lead-based paint
hazards to the person requesting the lead inspection.
-Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act - -(Title X of the
Community Development and Housing Act of 1992) The federal government
began to focus on primary prevention of lead poisoning through identifying
and reducing lead hazards.
-Importance of lead poisoning prevention/lead-based paint inspections - -
Focus attention on the sources of lead that could poison children; and reduce
the cost of lead hazard control by identifying which surfaces are coated with
lead-based paint.
-Lead inspector job description - -Identify the lead-based painted surfaces in
housing, certify the results of an inspection in writing, conduct post-hazard
control clearance sampling to determine: the specified hazard control
strategy was conducted, the area is safe for unprotected workers to enter,
and the area is a safe place for residents and young children to live.
-How common is lead pollution? - -Lead-based paint is present in roughly
83% of all hosing stock in the private sector and in roughly 90% of family
housing units in the nation's housing authorities.
-Lead-based paint - -Paint, varnish, shellac, or other coating on surfaces
that contain 1.0 mg/cm^2 or more of lead or 0.5% or more lead by weight.
-Lead-based paint hazard - -Any condition that causes exposure to lead-
contaminated dust, lead-contaminated-soil, or lead-contaminated paint that
is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, friction surfaces, or impact
surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects as identified by
the EPA Administrator under TSCA section 403.
, -Lead-based paint inspection - -a surface-by-surface investigation to
determine the presence of lead-based paint. A report is then issued that
identifies if there is lead-based paint present and where it is located.
-Deteriorated paint - -Any interior or exterior paint that is peeling, chipping,
chalking, or cracking, or is located on an interior or exterior surface of fixture
that is damaged or deteriorated.
-Accessible surface - -Surface that protrudes from the surrounding area to
the extent that a child can chew the surface and is within three feet or the
floor or ground (e.g., window sills, railing, and the edges of stair treads)
-Friction surface - -An interior or exterior surfaces that is subject to abrasion
or friction (e.g., certain window, floor, and stair surfaces)
-Impact surface - -An interior or exterior surface that is subject to damage
from repeated impacts (e.g., certain parts of door frames)
-HUD Guidelines - -The primary purpose of the Guidelines is to guide people
involved in identifying and controlling lead-based paint hazards in housing.
-What is lead-based paint - -1 milligram per square centimeter (1.0
mg/cm^2) using the XRF analyzer or 0.5% (or 5,000 parts per million) using
laboratory analysis methods
-AAS - -Atomic absorption spectrometry
-A2LA - -American Association for Laboratory Accreditation
-ASTM - -American Society for Testing and Materials
-CDC - -Center for disease control and prevention
-CFR - -Code of federal regulations
-ICP-AES - -Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
-NIOSH - -National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Dept. of
Health)
-OSHA - -Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Dept. of Labor)
-Pb - -The chemical symbol for lead
-TSP - -Trisodium phosphate
,-RCRA - -resource conservation and recovery act
-History of Lead Use - -Nearly all of the lead in the human environment
results from human activities. Once lead is mined, processed, and introduced
into the human environment it is a potential problem forever. No current
technology will destroy it or make it permanently harmless. However,
exposures to lead can be controlled.
The occupational hazards of lead were first reported in 1713 by Bernardo
Ramazzini, who described lead intoxication in potters working with lead
glazes.
In 1913, Dr. Alice Hamilton, an American occupations health doctor, wrote
about painters and the hazards of their work.
-Why was lead used in paint? - -As a pigment, to add durability and
corrosion control, and as a drying agent.
-Sources of environmental lead contamination - -The principal industrial use
of lead is in the manufacture of electrical storage batteries. Other uses
include the production of ammunition, various chemicals, and sinkers for
fishing and etc.
-Lead exposure - -The major exposure to lead for most adults comes from
the work place (inhalation). Surface dust and soil contamination with lead are
the major sources of lead exposure for infants and young children
(ingestion). (Children: drinking water [primarily from leaded solder, brass
fittings and fixtures, and service lines] can contribute to lead poisoning)
-Lead paint - -The amount of lead-based paint in housing is significant -
approximately 64 million (pre-1978) private U.S. residences contain at least
some lead-based paint.
Children ingest lead-based paint by normal hand-to-mouth activity. Young
children absorb a significantly higher percentage of ingested lead than
adults. Lead absorption is increased by malnutrition and poor diet.
-Lead in surface dust and soil can come from? - -Weathering and chipping of
lead-based paint, scraping and sanding of lead-based paint in preparation for
refinishing, renovations that break surfaces painted with lead-based paint,
abrasion and/or impact on doors and windows, atmospheric fallout from the
combustion of leaded gasoline that was deposited prior to the phase-down in
use, factory emissions, dust and dirt that is carried into the home on shoes
and clothing (especially from factories or construction sites or by pets)
, -Lead in water - -Lead-contaminated drinking water also contributes to the
overall level of exposure - from as little as 5 percent to more than 50 percent
of a child's total lead exposure. (NAETI Exam: 20% contribution)
-Lead in food - -Contamination from containers with lead solder, lead glaze,
or other materials with lead, by airborne lead from industrial or automobile
emissions deposited on to crops or water, by uptake into food crops from
lead in soil or pesticides applications, and doing transportation or processing.
A phase-out of lead solder in cans began in the late 1970s.
Food containers: lead oxide is sometimes used to manufacture glazes for
protecting ceramics and etc.
-Lead in other sources - -Vinyl miniblinds are another potential source of
lead in a residence.
CDC, CPSC, and the public health have identified the following: crayons
(imported from Chile), painted metal playground equipment, pool cue chalk,
calcium supplements (made from bone or oyster shell), some hair dyes (lead
acetate)
-CPSC - -Consumer Product Safety Commission
-Health effects of lead exposure - -The three systems where the effects are
most dangerous are: the central and peripheral nervous system. the
cardiovascular system (including the blood forming system), and the
kidneys.
Exposure to high concentrations of lead can cause: retardation, convulsions,
coma, and death (sometimes)
-Acute vs Chronic exposure - -acute - exposure for short time at high levels
chronic - exposure to low or moderate levels over a long period of time
-INSPECTION IS A CRITICAL FIRST STEP IN SOLVING THE LEAD PROBLEM IN
HOMES THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. THE PRIMARY SKILL FOR LEAD
INSPECTOR TO DEVELOP IS? - -Documentation of information
-Lead base paint is found more often in pre world war 2 housing units than
those built since 1940,although all housing constructed prior to ? Is at risk - -
1978
-Aldo lead based paint is found as often and homes of well to do as the poor,
studies prove that the lower income families are proportionately affected.
This apparent discrepancy maybe due to the lower income families having -
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