What part of the brain is associated with OCD?
Basal ganglia
Depression SIGECAPS
Suicidal thoughts
Interests decreased
Guilt
Energy decreased
Concentration decreased
Appetite increased/decreased
Psychomotor changes
Sleep disturbance (Increased or decreased)
Mania DIG FAST
Distractibilit...
CORRUPT
Cannot conform to law
Obligations ignored
Reckless disregard for safety
Remorselessness
Underhandedness (deceitful)
Planning insufficient (Impulsive)
Temper (Irritable and aggressive)
borderline personality disorder
IMPULSIVE
Impulsive
Moodiness
Paranoia or disassociation under stress
Unstable self-image
Labile intense relationships
Suicidal gestures
Inappropriate anger
Vulnerability to abandonment
Emptiness (feelings of)
cage
,cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye opener
MMSE
25-30 normal
21-24 mild
10-20 moderate
0-9 severed
Beck
0-9 normal
10-18 mild
19-29 moderate
30-63 severe
CIWA
0-9 none
10-15 mild
16-20 moderate
21> severe
Dopamine
Produced in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area
INCREASE: schizophrenia, psychosis
DECREASE: Substance abuse, anhedonia, Parkinson
Serotonin
Produced in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem
DECREASE: Depression, OCD, schizophrenia, anxiety
Norepinephrine
Produced in the locus ceruleus of the pons
DECREASE: Depression
INCREASE: Anxiety; can cause blood vessels to narrow and increase BP
Epinephrine
Produced by the adrenal glands; works on alpha and beta receptors
INCREASE HR, BS, contractility
Relaxation of smooth muscles (breathing)
Acetylcholine
, Synthesized by Basal Nucleus of Maynert
DECREASE: Alzheimers/impaired memory
INCREASE: Parkinsonian symptoms
GABA
Universal inhibitory neurotransmitter; site of action for CNS depressants
DECREASE: Anxiety disorders
Glutamate
Universal excitatory neurotransmitter; Involved in KINDLING
DECREASE: Memory, learning difficulty; NEGATIVE sx of schizophrenia
INCREASE: Bipolar, psychosis from ischemic neurotoxicity or excessive pruning
Side Effects of Lithium
Hypothyroidism
Fine hand tremors
fatigue
mental cloudiness
HA
Course hand tremors with toxicity (>1.5)
Nystagmus
Rash
Acne
GI upset
Diabetes insipidus
edema
microscopic tubular changes
T wave inversions
Dysrhythmia
Leukocytosis
Lithium therapeutic level?
0.6-1.2
Lithium
Gold standard for mania
anti-suicidal effects
some effect on depression
When to draw lithium levels?
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