Class notes
Kinetics
- Course
- Institution
It includes all the lecture notes with diagrams
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
khambkamandeep40
Content preview
Kinetics- what is rate and why do we care?Why do we care about kineti cs (in biology)?
Biochemical reactions- e.g. Enzymes
Metabolic differences- people, different species → treat diseases
Engineering biochemical reactions
Receptor-ligand interactions
Which things bind faster/ slower? Why?
People, different species → understand and treat disease
What happens to drugs in body?
Where do they go?
How quickly they absorbed, distributed, metabolised, excreted (ADME)?
Drug effectiveness and toxicity
What is rate and why measure it?
Rate- change in something with respect to time
- e.g. Speed= Distance/ Time or m/s
In biology- amount, concentration or location change with respect time
-e.g. mmol/s, mmol-1dm-3min-1, μM min-1… etc
‘Thermodynamics’- tells us whether reaction can process spontaneously but doesn’t inform us about rate at
which reaction will proceed
- This information must be obtained experimentally
How do we measure reacti on rates?
Some form of change in product/reactant with time?
Spectroscopic- e.g. absorbance, fluorescence
Temperature changes- e.g. ITC
Mass changes- e.g. SPR
Conductivity
Electrochemical
For very fast reactions- used stopped flow or quench flow
Stopped flow continuous- Quench flow, discontinuous
Rates in context of equilibria
For unimolecular reaction or protein and
ligand interaction:
At equilibrium:
But how quickly do we get to equilibrium? Even at equilibrium- reaction hasn’t stopped. We use rate constants (k)
to tell us how quickly each reaction can occur:
Define rate constant of forward reaction as k1 and reverse reaction as k-1
small k is used for rate constant. Big K is used for equilibrium constant
For unimolecular reaction- converted from A to products
How quickly does amount of [A] changes?
Rate at which A is converted to products is proportional to concentration
of A and rate constant k where x= order
, If we measure change in [A] over ti me for this reacti on:
This example follows zero order kineti cs
For zero-order kinetics- rate of reaction is independent of concentration of reactants
Reaction rate is constant- regardless of concentration of reactants present
Why? What does it mean?
X= order, which here= 0. Therefore:
Through the rearrangement and integration, equation of line:
Ethanol Metabolism exhibits zero order kineti cs
If we plot rate as functi on of concentrati on for zero order reacti on
Many reacti ons are dependent on concentrati on
For unimolecular reaction dependent on concentration:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller khambkamandeep40. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.75. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62491 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now