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RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING 2023 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT GRADED A+
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RELIAS - FETAL HEART MONITORING 2023 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT GRADED A+
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Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring1. uterine blood supply: - uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral
arteries which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has
fetal capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous
space that go into mother's venous system
2. Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation: *Maternal
Oxygenation:* asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension,
decreased
Hgb
*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension,
uterine tachysystole
*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion
3. Fetal hypoxemia: - can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive
uterine activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal
or absent variability from acidemia
4. (1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia: 1 - reduce O2 in blood
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
5. Fetal anaerobic metabolism: - occurs when long term O2 delivery is
insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
6. acidosis: pH below 7.35 pH is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
, Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring
7. alkalosis: pH above 7.45
pH is high
8. buffers: - help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
9. base excess and base deficit: - base deficit is expressed as a positive
number
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
10. fetal acidosis: - when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in
acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base
deficit
11. acidemia: assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and body
function
12. fetal hypoxia during birth: assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars,
neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy
13. respiratory acidosis: *low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base
deficit ( < 12)*
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
14. factors that contribute to resp acidosis: - sudden decrease in placental
or cord perfusion - uterine tachysystole
- maternal hypoventilation
15. metabolic acidosis: *ph < 7.10 , normal pCO2 (<60), high base deficit (>12)*
- a higher base deficit (such as > 12) has been assoc w/higher risk for severe
neonatal complications
- most common cause of metabolic acidosis in fetus is r/t inadequate O2 delivery
- prolonged hypoxic insult to fetus results in depletion of bicarb, which is a base
buffer that normalizes pH levels
16. mixed acidosis: *pH < 7.10 , high pCO2 > 60, and high base deficit >12*
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