The COMPLETE guide to A Level Biology: This is ALL of the past AQA exam questions for the new-spec AQA Biology A-Level and created a handy spreadsheet with ALL answers to every single past paper question. This is over 80 page document, neatly broken down by topic which covers every aspect of the AS...
Summary Biology For Aqa Student Book - Unit 1 - Protein structure
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Biology
Unit 1 BIOL1 - Biology and disease
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Question Marks Answer
Feature of starch as storage 2 Helical, compact
Insoluble, doesn't affect Ψ
Cellulose structure 4 Long + straight chains, β glucose
Linked with H-bonds
Form microfibrils
Provides strength to cell wall
Polymer definition 1 Molecule made of identical monomers
Biuret Test 2 Add NaOH
Add CuSO4
Goes purple
Reducing sugar in chewing 2 Maltose
Salivary amylase hydrolyses starch
Found in prokary not eukary 2 Plasmid
Flagellum
Capsule
Small Ribosomes
Test for lipids 4 Crush
Add ethanol
Water
Milky white emulsion
Adv of % comparison 2 Amount varies between individual
Allows comparison
,Evaluate Qs 4 Control group?
Could be due to other factors
Small sample size
Only 1 investigation, not representative
Primary-Quaternary Structure 4 Primary: DNA base sequence coding for amino acids
Secondary: folding of chain, H-bonds. Coiled α, β pleat
Tertiary: 3D folding, H-bonds/ionic/disulfide if cysteine
Quart: Association of another polypeptide chain
Non-competitive inhibitor 2 Inhibitor attaches to enzyme away from AS
Change shape of AS, prevent E-S complex
Investigate optimum temp of enzyme 3 Way to maintain range of temps - water baths
Measure rate of activity - time taken for indicator change
Other conditions constant, eg volumes, pH, do repeats
Temp on enzyme activity 3 Increases KE
Increases collisions/formation of E-S complexes
Increases rate of breakdown of starch
pH on enzyme activity 3 Increases H+ ions
H-bonds/ionic disrupted/change tertiary structure
Change shape of active site, no E-S complex fit
What is 'death by osmosis'? 2 Water enters via osmosis, which increases pressure
Cell wall not strong enough, cannot withstand pressure
Tertiary Structure 2 Folding of polypeptide chain
Folding of secondary structure
, How does denaturation occur 2 More KE
Bonds holding tertiary structure break
Competitive Inhibition 6 Sequence of amino acids gives shape
Tertiary structure
Similar shape to substrate
Competes for active site
Non-competitive inhibition 3 Fits at site other than active site
Distorts active site
Substrate will not fit
Digestive enzyme in ileum lining 1 Dipeptidases
Percentage Decrease 1 (New-Old) / New x 100
Role of cholesterol 1 Makes membrane less fluid, maintains stability
Channel proteins vs carrier proteins 2 Channel: charged particles through membrane via fac diff
Carrier: protein changes shape, release molecules on opp
Enzyme definition 1 Protein, catalyst, lowers activation energy
Change in pH means 3 Enzymes in blood affected by change in pH
Changes tertiary structure
Less O2 binds with haemoglobin
Monomer definition 1 Basic molecular unit combines to form polymer
2 examples of monomers 2 Amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides
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