TEST BANK
Polit and Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research
Carmen G. Loiselle, and Joanne Profetto-McGrath
3rd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Introducing Research and Its Relevance to Nursing Practice 1
Chapter 02 Key Concepts in Qualitative and Quantitative Research 5
Chapter 03 Understanding the Research Process in Qualitative and Quantitative Studies 9
Chapter 04 Reading Research Reports 13
Chapter 05 Reviewing the Ethical Aspects of a Nursing Study 17
Chapter 06 Scrutinizing Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses 21
Chapter 07 Finding and Reviewing Studies in the Literature 25
Chapter 08 Examining the Conceptual-Theoretical Basis of a Study 29
Chapter 09 Scrutinizing Quantitative Research Design 33
Chapter 10 Understanding Qualitative Research Design 37
Chapter 11 Examining Specific Types of Research 41
Chapter 12 Examining Sampling Plans 45
Chapter 13 Scrutinizing Data Collection 49
Chapter 14 Evaluating Measurements and Data Quality 53
Chapter 15 Analyzing Quantitative Data 57
Chapter 16 Analysis of Qualitative Data 61
Chapter 17 Critiquing Research Reports 65
Chapter 18 Using Research in Evidence-Based Nursing Practice 69
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Test Bank - Polit and Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 3rd Edition (Loiselle, 2011)
Chapter 1. Introducing Research and Its Relevance to Nursing Practice
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the highest priority for the importance of research in the nursing profession?
a. Research findings provide evidence for informing nurses' decisions and actions.
b. Conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice.
c. Document the role that nurses serve in society.
d. Establish nursing research areas of study.
ANS: A
2. Which group would be best served by clinical nursing research?
a. Nursing administrators
b. Practicing nurses
c. Nurses' clients
d. Healthcare policymakers
ANS: C
3. In the United States, in what area does research play an important role in nursing?
a. Chronic illness
b. Credentialing and status
c. Nurses' personalities
d. Nurses' education
ANS: B
4. What is the role of a consumer of nursing research?
a. Read research reports for relevant findings.
b. Participate in generating evidence by doing research.
c. Participate in journal club in a practice setting.
d. Solve clinical problems and make clinical
ANS: A
5. What was the concern of most nursing studies in the early 1900s?
a. Client satisfaction
b. Clinical problems
c. Health promotion
d. Nursing education
ANS: D
6. Which topic most closely conforms to the priorities that have been suggested for future
nursing research?
a. Attitudes of nursing students toward smoking.
b. Promotion of excellence in nursing science.
c. Nursing staff morale and turnover.
d. Number of doctorate prepared nurses in various clinical specialties.
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Test Bank - Polit and Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 3rd Edition (Loiselle, 2011)
ANS: B
7. What is the process of deductive reasoning?
a. Verifying assumptions that are part of our heritage.
b. Developing specific predictions from general principles.
c. Empirically testing observations that are made known through our senses.
d. Forming generalizations from specific observations.
ANS: B
8. What is the ontological assumption of those espousing a naturalistic paradigm?
a. Objective reality and those natural phenomena are regular and orderly.
b. Phenomena are not haphazard and result from prior causes.
c. Reality is multiply constructed and multiply interpreted by humans.
d. Reality is not fixed, but is rather a construction of human minds.
ANS: C
9. What is the epistemological assumption of those espousing a positivist paradigm?
a. The researcher is objective and independent of those being studied.
b. Phenomena are not haphazard, but rather have antecedent causes.
c. The researcher instructs those being studied to be objective in providing
information.
d. Reality is not fixed, but is rather a construction of human minds.
ANS: A
10. Which is not a characteristic of traditional scientific method?
a. Control over external factors.
b. Systematic measurement and observation of natural phenomena.
c. Deductive reasoning.
d. Emphasis on a holistic view of a phenomenon, studied in a rich context.
ANS: D
11. What is empiricism?
a. Making generalizations from specific observations.
b. Deducing specific predictions from generalizations.
c. Gathering evidence rooted in reality.
d. Verifying the assumptions on which the study was based.
ANS: C
12. What is a hallmark of the scientific method?
a. Infallible
b. Holistic
c. Systematic
d. Flexible
ANS: C
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Test Bank - Polit and Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 3rd Edition (Loiselle, 2011)
13. Which of the following limits the power of the scientific method to answer questions about
human life?
a. The necessity of departing from traditional beliefs.
b. The difficulty of accurately measuring
c. The inability to control potential biases.
d. The shortage of theories about human behavior.
ANS: B
14. What is a criticism of the scientific method?
a. Deductive
b. Deterministic
c. Empirical
d. Reductionist
ANS: D
15. What is involved in naturalistic qualitative research?
a. Involves deductive processes
b. Takes places in the field.
c. Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those being studied.
d. Attempts to control the research context to better understand the phenomenon
being studied.
ANS: B
16. A researcher wants to investigate the effect of patients' body position on blood pressure.
This is an example of what type of study?
a. Qualitative
b. Constructivist inquiry
c. Quantitative
d. Researcher preference of either quantitative or qualitative
ANS: B
17. A researcher is studying the effect of massage on the alleviation of pain in cancer patients.
This is an example of what type of study?
a. Descriptive
b. Exploratory
c. Applied
d. Basic
ANS: C
18. A researcher wants to study the process by which people make decisions about seeking
researcher's paradigmatic orientation?
a. Positivism
b. Determinism
c. Empiricism
d. Naturalism
ANS: D
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Test Bank - Polit and Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 3rd Edition (Loiselle, 2011)
19. What is the continuum of participation on research?
a. Academics to practitioners
b. Consumers to producers
c. Journalists to educators
d. Mentors to novice nurses
ANS: B
20. What is the goal of explanatory research?
a. Understand the underpinnings of natural phenomena and to explain systematic
relationships among them.
b. Begins with the phenomenon of interest, but rather than simply observing and
describing it, exploratory research investigates the full nature of the phenomenon,
the manner in which it is manifested, and the other factors to which it is related.
c. Study phenomena about which little is known.
d. Make predictions and to control phenomena based on research findings.
ANS: A
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Test Bank - Polit and Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 3rd Edition (Loiselle, 2011)
Chapter 2. Key Concepts in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Research utilization begins with empirical findings for consideration in practice settings.
Where does evidence-based practice begin?
a. Integration of clinical judgments with research evidence
b. A desire to abandon decisions based on custom and authority opinion
c. A search for the best possible information for addressing a clinical problem
d. A critique of existing practices
ANS: C
2. What is indirect research utilization?
a. Involves changes in nurses' thinking
b. Involves the direct use of findings in giving patient care
c. Involves use of findings to persuade others
d. Involves changes in patient thinking toward nurses
ANS: A
3. The student nurse is constructing a presentation on evidence-based practice. Which
statement should be included in the introduction about evidence-based practice?
a. Conscientious integration of current best evidence with clinical expertise
b. Utilization of nursing preferences in making clinical decisions
c. Theoretical problem-solving strategy
d. Emphasis on decision making based on custom
ANS: A
4. Evidence-based practice typically involves effort to determine best evidence. Most evidence
hierarchies put which systematic review at the pinnacle?
a. Randomized controlled trials
b. Program evaluations
c. Clinical practice guidelines
d. Meta-analyses of multiple clinical trials
ANS: A
5. The terms research utilization and evidence- based practice are sometimes used
synonymously. The two concepts are distinct. Where does research utilization start?
a. Uses findings of a study that are related to the previous research of the topic.
b. Emphasis is on translating historical knowledge into real-world applications.
c. Use of a set of studies in a practical application unrelated to the original research.
d. Critique of existing practical applications unrelated to historical research.
ANS: C
6. Which activity will limit researchers to improve the prospect for evidence-based practice
and research utilization?
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Test Bank - Polit and Beck Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 3rd Edition (Loiselle, 2011)
a. Conducting high-quality, methodologically sound studies
b. Disseminating results to a broad audience
c. Providing periodical available supports during regular work hours
d. Discussing the clinical implications of their study results in their research reports
ANS: C
7. Which is not a major barrier to evidence- based practice in nursing?
a. The fact that many clinical nurses are not academically prepared to critically
evaluate nursing research studies
b. The support of organizations that reward nurses who engage in research utilization
efforts
c. The low number of replication of nursing
d. The absence of quality, clinically relevant nursing studies
ANS: B
8. evidence-based practice. What are care bundles?
a. Rigorous integrations of research evidence from multiple studies of a topic
b. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that combine a synthesis and appraisal
of research evidence
c. Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms
d. Meta-analysis or quantitative methods that integrate findings statistically
ANS: C
9. There are several resources to support evidence-based practice. What is metasynthesis?
a. Qualitative, narrative approach to integration of a study
b. Quantitative method that integrate findings statistically
c. Synthesis and appraisal of research evidence with specific recommendations
d. Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms
ANS: A
10. Several models of evidence-based practice have been developed. Which model focuses on
the use of research from the perspective of individual clinicians?
a. ARCC Model
b. Clinical Nurse Scholar Model
c. Iowa Model
d. Stetler Model
ANS: D
11. A RN is putting research into practice. What step of the process is involved with the validity
of study findings?
a. Framing an answerable clinical questions
b. Searching for relevant research evidence
c. Appraising the evidence
d. Integrating evidence with other factors
ANS: C
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