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Samenvatting Sportbiomechanica
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Samenvatting van het vak Sportbiomechanica. Overzichtelijk en makkelijk te leren!
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1Sportbiomechanica
Inhoudsopgave
Wat is biomechanica?................................................................5
Organisatie mechanica..............................................................5
Basisbegrippen uit de mechanica..............................................5
Doel biomechanica..................................................................... 5
Wat zijn krachten?...................................................................... 7
Hoe beschrijf je een kracht?.......................................................7
Classificatie van krachten..........................................................7
Interne krachten....................................................................................7
Externe krachten...................................................................................7
Wat is wrijving?..........................................................................7
Relatie wrijving – normaalkracht............................................................8
Relatie wrijving – oppervlakte................................................................8
Relatie wrijving – materiaal....................................................................8
4 wetten van wrijving.................................................................8
Wrijving in sport.....................................................................................8
Samengestelde kracht...............................................................8
Statisch evenwicht...................................................................10
Wat is een moment?................................................................10
Hoe groot is een moment?.......................................................10
Momenten in de sport..........................................................................10
Momenten binnenin het lichaam.........................................................10
Wat is een zwaartepunt?..........................................................11
Zwaartepunt in vluchtfase.......................................................11
Wat is stabiliteit?...................................................................... 11
Bepalende factoren (3)............................................................11
Zwaartepunt en stabiliteit........................................................11
Directionele stabiliteit..............................................................12
Stabiliteit – mobiliteit...........................................................................12
Kinematica vs. kinetica............................................................13
Wat is een beweging?..............................................................13
Lineaire bewegingen............................................................................13
Rotaties................................................................................................13
Combinatiebeweging...........................................................................13
Tibe Palinckx
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Sportbiomechanica
Lineaire kinematica..................................................................13
Positie..................................................................................................14
Afgelegde weg & verplaatsing.............................................................14
Snelheid...............................................................................................14
Versnelling...........................................................................................14
Rotatie..................................................................................... 16
Hoekkinematica.......................................................................16
Hoek....................................................................................................16
Hoekverplaatsing.................................................................................16
Hoeksnelheid.......................................................................................16
Hoekversnelling...................................................................................17
Wetten van Newton..................................................................17
1e wet: De wet van de traagheid/inertie..............................................18
2e wet: De wet van de versnelling/impuls............................................18
3e wet: De wet van actie en reactie.....................................................18
Wat is een biomechanische analyse?.......................................18
Kwalitatieve analyse............................................................................18
Kwantitatieve analyse..........................................................................18
Stappenplan............................................................................. 18
1. Beschrijving.....................................................................................18
2. Observatie.......................................................................................18
3. Evaluatie..........................................................................................20
4. Instructie..........................................................................................22
Kwalitatieve anatomische analysemethode.............................22
Stappenplan............................................................................. 22
1. Deelbewegingen..............................................................................22
2. Gewrichten......................................................................................22
3. Spieren.............................................................................................22
4. Spieractiviteit...................................................................................22
5. Bewegingssnelheid..........................................................................22
6. ROM.................................................................................................22
Wat kan je meten?...................................................................23
Meten in een labo....................................................................23
Meten in het veld.....................................................................23
Timingsaspecten meten...........................................................23
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Sportbiomechanica
Kinematica meten....................................................................23
Camera................................................................................................23
Markeringen.........................................................................................23
Motion capture.....................................................................................24
Accelerometers....................................................................................24
Krachtplatform.....................................................................................24
Spanningsmeters.................................................................................24
Druksensoren.......................................................................................24
EMG.....................................................................................................24
Oppervlakte elektromyografie.............................................................24
Computersimulatie en modellering......................................................24
Wat is aerodynamica................................................................25
Relatieve snelheid....................................................................25
Soorten weerstand...................................................................25
Frontale weerstand..............................................................................25
Oppervlakteweerstand.........................................................................25
Strategieën om weerstand te doen dalen................................25
Liftkracht.................................................................................. 26
Spin en magnuseffect..............................................................26
Wat is hydrodynamica?............................................................26
Opwaartse kracht..................................................................... 26
Drijven of zinken?..................................................................... 26
Dichtheid.................................................................................27
Praktisch..............................................................................................27
Evenwicht rond de breedte-as..................................................27
Weerstand................................................................................ 27
Frontale weerstand..............................................................................27
Oppervlakteweerstand.........................................................................27
Golfweerstand......................................................................................27
Stuwing.................................................................................... 28
Classificatie van krachten........................................................29
Interne structuren....................................................................29
Mechanische spanning.............................................................29
Vormen van mechanische spanningen.....................................29
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Sportbiomechanica
Drukspanning.......................................................................................29
Trekspanning........................................................................................29
Buigspanning.......................................................................................29
Schuifspanning....................................................................................29
Torsie...................................................................................................30
Vervorming ten gevolge van spanning.....................................30
Anisotroop................................................................................ 30
Spanning op botten..................................................................30
Spanning op kraakbeen...........................................................31
Spanning op pezen en ligamenten...........................................31
Spanning op spieren................................................................31
Invloed van training.................................................................31
Sporten waarbij je grondschokken opvangt.........................................31
Krachttraining:.....................................................................................31
Tibe Palinckx
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