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PSYCH 350 EXAM 1 – QUESTIONS & DETAILED ANSWERS

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PSYCH 350 EXAM 1 – QUESTIONS & DETAILED ANSWERS

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  • February 2, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
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PSYCH 350 EXAM 1 – QUESTIONS & DETAILED
ANSWERS

6 major themes in child development ✔️Ans - -nature vs nurture
-active child
-continuity vs discontinuity
-mechanisms of developmental change
-sociocultural context
-individual differences

example of nurture ✔️Ans - -fear can be learned
-Little Albert study

example of nature ✔️Ans - -innate ability to learn some fears better
than others
-ex. spiders, snakes

active child ✔️Ans - -children contribute to their own development
-increases with age

continuity vs. discontinuity ✔️Ans - quantitative vs. qualitative (stage-
like) change

mechanisms of developmental change ✔️Ans - -perceptual: auditory
system, visual system
-brain development: frontal lobes
-strategy use: problem solving

first developmental study ✔️Ans - was Egyptian the "original"
language?

controlled-rearing studies ✔️Ans - deprivation studies (ex. child
abuse: Oksana and Genie)

Aristotle ✔️Ans - -all knowledge comes from experience
-child-rearing should adjust to needs of child

Plato ✔️Ans - -born with innate knowledge

, -strict discipline and self-control

Locke ✔️Ans - -tabula rasa (blank slate)
-emphasized nurture and importance of progressive freedom

Rousseau ✔️Ans - -innately good
-emphasized nature
-child learns via spontaneous interactions, not instruction

2 main forces for research on child development ✔️Ans - child labor
laws/social reform and Darwin

Freud ✔️Ans - our unconscious biological drives influence
development

Watson ✔️Ans - -behaviorism
-associative learning: child development can be controlled by rewards and
punishments
-nurture can overcome nature

reliability ✔️Ans - consistency of measurement

test-retest reliability ✔️Ans - using the same test on two occasions to
measure consistency

interrater reliability ✔️Ans - consistent scores are obtained no matter
who measures or observes

validity ✔️Ans - accuracy

internal validity ✔️Ans - extent to which we can draw cause-and-
effect inferences from a study

external validity ✔️Ans - extent to which we can generalize findings to
real-world settings

3 methodological contexts for gathering data ✔️Ans - -interviews
-naturalistic observation
-structured observation

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