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TestOut Networking Pro ch 3 Exam Questions and Answers
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TestOut Networking Pro ch 3 ExamQuestions and Answers
Network Adapter (also called a network interface card or NIC) - Answer- connects a
host to the network medium. It is responsible for converting binary data into a format to
be sent on the network medium
Network adapter is responsible for - Answer- for converting binary data into a format to
be sent on the network medium. Which are Transceiver and a modem
Transceiver - Answer- is responsible for converting digital data into digital signals to be
sent on the medium. The type of signal the transceiver sends depends on the type of
network. A fiber optic NIC sends light signals, a wired NIC sends electronic signals on a
wire, and a wireless NIC sends radio signals. To receive signals, the transceiver
converts digital signals from the network to digital data for the PC.
Modem - Answer- converts binary data to analog waves (modulation) on the sending
end, and then converts the analog waves back to binary data (demodulation) on the
receiving end.
Network adapters are Layer 1 devices - Answer- because they send and receive signals
on the network medium. They also Layer 2 devices because they must follow the rules
for media access, and because they read the physical address in a frame
Network adapters you choose - Answer- must match the network architecture you are
connecting to
Older network adapters - Answer- used an external transceiver to connect to the
network media. However, all modern network adapters use a built-in transceiver.
Transceiver Module - Answer- is used to change the media type of a port on a network
device, such as a switch or a router. The following are the most common types of
transceiver modules:
• A GBIC (gigabit interface converter) is a larger-sized transceiver that fits in a port slot
and is used for Gigabit media including copper and fiber optic.
• An SFP (small form-factor pluggable) is similar to a GBIC but is a smaller size. An SFP
is sometimes called a mini-GBIC.
• An XFP transceiver is similar in size to an SFP but is used for 10 Gigabit networking.
, Media Converter - Answer- is used connect to network adapters that are using different
media types. For example, a media converter could be used to connect a server with a
fiber optic Ethernet NIC to a copper Ethernet cable.
• Media converters work at the Physical layer (Layer 1). Media converters do not read or
modify the MAC address in any way.
• Media converters only convert from one media type to another within the same
architecture (such as Ethernet). A media converter cannot translate between two
different architectures. (This must be done using a bridge or a router. Converting from
one architecture to another would require modifying the frame contents to modify the
Data Link layer address.)
MAC Address - Answer- is a unique identifier burned into the ROM of every Ethernet
NIC.
• The MAC address is a 12-digit (48-bit) hexadecimal number (each number ranges
from 0-9 or A-F).
• The address is often written as 00-B0-D0-06-BC-AC or 00B0.D006.BCAC (dashes,
periods, and colons can be used to divide the MAC address parts).
• The MAC address is globally unique by design. The first half (first 6 digits) of the MAC
address is assigned to each manufacturer. The manufacturer determines the rest of the
address, assigning a unique value that identifies the host address. A manufacturer that
uses all the addresses in the original assignment can apply for a new MAC address
assignment.
• Devices use the MAC address to send frames to other devices on the same subnet.
Some network cards allow you to change the MAC address through jumpers, switches,
or software. However, there are few legitimate reasons for doing so.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) - Answer- is used by hosts to discover the MAC
address of a device from its IP address. Before two devices can communicate, they
must know the MAC address of the receiving device. If the MAC address isn't known,
ARP does the following to find it:
1. The sending device sends out a broadcast frame.
o The destination MAC address is all Fs (FFFF:FFFF:FFFF).
o The sending MAC address is its own MAC address.
o The destination IP address is the known IP address of the destination host.
o The sending IP address is its own IP address.
2. All hosts on the subnet process the broadcast frame, looking at the destination IP
address.
3. If the destination IP address matches its own address, the host responds with a
frame that includes its own MAC address as the sending MAC address.
4. The original sender reads the MAC address from the frame and associates the IP
address with the MAC address, saving it in its cache.
Once the sender knows the MAC address of the receiver, it sends data in frames
addressed to the destination device. These frames include a Cyclic Redundancy Check
(CRC), which is used to detect frames that have been corrupted during transmission.
Hosts use the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) to find the IP address of a
host with a known MAC address.
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