Pathophysiology Chapter 16 Exam Questions and Answers 2024

Pathophysiology Chapter 16 Exam Questions and Answers 2024 Under normal conditions, the _________________ response deters or prevents disease. -Answer- immune ___________________________ an be defined as an abnormality in the immune system that renders a person susceptible to diseases normally prevented by an intact immune system. - Answer-Immunodeficiency The ________________ immune system is composed of the phagocytic leukocytes, natural killers cells and complement proteins. -Answer-innate The ________________ immune response is composed mainly of T and B cells and responds to infections more slowly, but more specifically, than the innate immune system. -Answer-adaptive The adaptive immune system is further divided into the __________ and __________ immune systems. -Answer-humoral, cellular A large number of primary immunodeficiency diseases have been mapped to the ________________ chromosome. -Answer-X Defects in humoral immunity increases the risk of recurrent _________________ infections. - Answer-pyogenic During the first few months of life, infants are protected from infection by IgG antibodies that originate in ________________ circulation during fetal life. -Answer-maternal Of all the primary immunodeficiency diseases, those affecting ___________________ production are the most frequent. -Answer-antibody Andormal immunoglobulin loss can occur with chronic _________________ disease; because of abnormal glomerular filtration, patients lose serum IgA and IgG in their urine. -Answer-kidney Secondary humoral immunodeficiencies can also result from a number of ____________________ including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma that interfere with normal immunoglobulin production. -Answer-malignancies T cells can be functionally divided into two subtypes: __________________ and ___________________ T cells. -Answer-CD4+ helper, CD8+ cytotoxic Collectively, _____________________ protect against fungal, protozoan, viral, and intracellular bacterial infections; control malignant cell proliferation; and are responsible for coordinating the overall immune response. -Answer-T lymphocytes Disorders that affect both B and T lymphocytes, with resultant defects in both humoral and cell- mediated immunity, fall under the broad classification of ________________ syndrome. - Answer-combined immunodeficiency In __________________, genetic mutations lead to absence of all T- and B-cell function and, in some cases, a lack of NK cells. -Answer-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) SCID is more commonly found in _______________, as it is X linked. -Answer-boys Hereditary angioneurmtic edema isa form of ________________- deficiency. -Answer- complement Chronic cirrhosis of the liver would reduce the production of complement proteins; this type of deficiency would be classified as ______________________. -Answer-secondary Chediak-Higashi syndrome is an abnormality of _____________________ of phagocytes. - Answer-degranulation Chronic granulomatous disease is a group of inherited disorders that greatly reduce or inactivate the ability of phagocytic cells to produce that _________________. -Answer-respiratory burst _______________________ disorders refer to excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune system. -Answer-Hypersensitivity Type I hypersensitivity reactions to antigens are referred to as ________________. -Answer- allergic reactions ______________________ is a systematic life-threatening hypersensitivity action characterized by widespread edema, vascular shock sec