Personality, Individual Differences and Intelligence
These are exam notes for Individual Differences module. They cover three exam questions: comparing idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality; the nature vs nurture views on intelligence; and whether personality is fully shaped in childhood. These notes are perfect for exam preparation or...
Compare idiographic and nomothetc approach to personality.
- Two approaches to personality
o Idiographic and nomothetc
o The terms were introduced by Allport in 1937
- Idiographic defniton
o People have unique personality structure
o Some traits possessed only by one
- Nomothetc defniton
o Emphasizes comparability among individuals
o Have less/more of traits that are consistent across people
- Structure
o Nomothetc
Psychometrics
Behaviourism
o Idiographic
Humanistc
Psychoanalysis
- Psychometrics
o Cattell
1898 – Lab of Psych – mental tests – mental ability
wrong as not related but stll used today to evaluate hearing, vision
o Binet and Simon
1905 – concept of mental age
o School of Military Psychology
1917 – developed psychological tests – tested millions of recruits
army intelligence tests had greater impact on popularisaton of psych
than Freud (Leuchtenburg, 1958)
o Ots
1919 – multple-choice scoring – group testng possible
commercial mental tests
o Thurstone
1924 – basis for SATs
1935 – multple factor analysis
o School tests
1945 - today
o Psychometrics took over
1950 – today
psychological scaling, psychological measurement, factor analysis
o contributons to applied statstcs
Jones et al., 2007
Scaling
Factor analysis
First text on fundamentals of statstcs (eg. Thorndikes, 1904)
- Behaviourism
o Pavlov
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller nastasija. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.72. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
