4.1: Types of changes
Distnguishing beteeen Firstoireer ane eeoineoireer ohanges
o First-order, incremental change: does not involve fundamental change in strategy, core
values or corporate identtes. They maintain and develop the organisaton: support
organisatonal contnuity
o Second-order, discontnuous change: is transformatonal, radical, and fundamentally alters
the organisaton at its core. Transforms the nature of the organisaton
o Another dimension: whether the change is reactve to, or antcipatory of changes in the
external environment. Four categories
o Fineotuning: occurs where incremental changes are made that antcipate changes.
These involve adjustment or modifcaton to enable a beter ft between organisaton
and environment
o Aeaptive: incremental but reactve to changes made by other organisatons
o Reirientatin: antcipatory, discontnuous change that involves fframe bending::
major modifcaton of the organisaton but by building on past strengths and history
o Reooreatin: is second-order change that is reactve and involves fframe breaking:
major upheaval where the organisaton breaks with past practces and directons
Firstoireer Aeaptive ohanges
o Change as the taking of individual initatves : most important to organisatons is people who
at a local level, are able to identfy relevant, innovatve organisatonal changes
o People who bring about local organisatonal changes are those who go beyond their
jobs, strive to make a diference, are acton-oriented and focus less on teamwork and
more on results. Ofen not recognized by management
o Autocratc organisatons discourage initatve by removing responsibility
o Meritocratc organisatons constrain initatve by tghtly regulatng procedures
o Social club discourage initatve by requiring conformity to the team rather than to
work itself
o Personal initatve directed toward local change is likely to occur when strong leadership,
bureaucratc systems and teamwork are balanced
o Change as the development of local routnes: organisatonal routnes can be the source of
change in organisatons when they are enacted by diferent people who place their own
interpretatons and actons on how the routnes should occur
o Two internal dynamics drive routnes to contnuous change: one is where past
outcomes fall short of what was intended, another where achievement of outcomes
opens up new possibilites
o Actons associated with routnes (e.g. riringH evolved over tme in response to
interpretatons and actons of individuals involved in carrying them out
eeoineoireer transfirmatinaa ohange
o Eight commonly occurring recommendatons for major organisatonal change, to cope with
rypercompettve business environments
o Delayering: reducing the number of vertcal levels
o Networks/alliances: internal and external strategic collaboraton
o Outsourcing
o Dis aggregaton: breaking up the organisaton into smaller business units
o Empowerment: provide milo yes with authority, resources and encouragement
o Flexible work groups: for specifc purposes that are disbanded upon completon
o Short-term stafng: for specifc issues and tasks
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller StraatenLI. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.23. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.