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Samenvatting - Taal en Maatschappij
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Dit document bevat alle aantekeningen en notities uit de lessen van Taal & Maatschappij (1ste semester). Met deze aantekeningen heb ik een 18/20 behaald.
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Taal en maatschappij2023-2024
Lucca Van Volsem
Toegepaste Taalkunde
1
,Inhoudsopgave
H1 Inleiding.................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1. Hannah Arendt ..................................................................................................................................................................5
H2 Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)................................................................................................................................ 6
1. Werken Machiavelli............................................................................................................................................................6
1.1 Il Principe 1513............................................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Thema’s............................................................................................................................................................................8
1.3 Istorie Fiorentine...............................................................................................................................................................8
Opdrachten.............................................................................................................................................................................8
H3 Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)..................................................................................................................................... 9
1. The elements of Law 1640..................................................................................................................................................9
2. De cive 1642.......................................................................................................................................................................9
3. Leviathan 1651...................................................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Over godsdienst.........................................................................................................................................................10
3.2 Over volk versus multitude .......................................................................................................................................10
3.3 Over oorsprong van de staat......................................................................................................................................10
3.4 Over de absolute rechten van de soeverein..............................................................................................................10
4. Giorgio Agamben 1942, Homo sacer 1995 & Stasis 2015................................................................................................11
Opdracht...............................................................................................................................................................................11
H4 John Locke (1632-1704)............................................................................................................................................ 13
1. An essay concerning Human understanding. ..................................................................................................................13
2. Two treatises of government 1698...................................................................................................................................13
3. Letter on Toleration 1689.................................................................................................................................................14
H5 Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)..................................................................................................................................... 14
1. Antonio Negri 1933..........................................................................................................................................................14
2. Biografie Spinoza..............................................................................................................................................................14
2.1 Bibliografie.................................................................................................................................................................14
3. Tractatus theologico-politicus 1670 (TTP)........................................................................................................................15
3.1 Over wonderen en profetieën...................................................................................................................................15
3.2 Betekenis van het Oude testament ...........................................................................................................................15
3.3 Over politiek...............................................................................................................................................................15
4. Tractatus Politicus 1677 (TP)............................................................................................................................................15
Opdracht...............................................................................................................................................................................16
H6 Montesquieu (1689-1755) – Rousseau (1712-1778).................................................................................................. 18
1. Charles de Montesquieu...................................................................................................................................................18
1.1 Lettres persanes 1721 = roman in briefvorm.............................................................................................................18
1.2 De l’esprit des lois, 1748............................................................................................................................................19
2. Theorie van scheiding der machten..................................................................................................................................19
2
, 3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.....................................................................................................................................................19
3.1 Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique, 1762............................................................................................20
3.2 Essay sur l’origine des langues 1756..........................................................................................................................20
Opdrachten...........................................................................................................................................................................20
H7 Marx (1818-1883) – Gramsci (1891-1937)................................................................................................................ 22
1. Revolutie...........................................................................................................................................................................22
2. Kritiek van de politieke economie – Marx & Engels.........................................................................................................22
2.1 *Stellingen over Feuerbach* in de Duitse idelogie 1845...........................................................................................23
2.2 **Communistisch Manifest 1848..............................................................................................................................23
3. Marxisme in de 20ste eeuw – Vladimir Lenin 1870-1924..................................................................................................25
Het imperialisme als hoogste vorm van het kapitalisme 1916............................................................................................25
Oktoberrevolutie – 1ste premier Sovjet-Unie.........................................................................................................................25
Monopolievorming = stadium imperialisme: 5 opeenvolgende kenmerken, revolutie:.......................................................25
4. Ernest Mandel 1923-1995................................................................................................................................................26
Het Laatkapitalisme. Proeve van een marxistische verklaring, 1976...................................................................................26
5. Antonio Gramsci 1891-1937.............................................................................................................................................26
5.1 Il materialisme storico................................................................................................................................................26
6. Fordisme...........................................................................................................................................................................27
7. Postfordisme (Negri, Virno, Castoriadis)..........................................................................................................................27
H8 Postmoderne kritische theorie – Derrida – Lyotard – Foucault..................................................................................28
1. Jacques Derrida (1930-2004): alles is tekst......................................................................................................................28
2. Derrida en De Saussure....................................................................................................................................................28
3. Derrida en Husserl............................................................................................................................................................28
4. Derrida, taal en de ander – denker van de alteriteit........................................................................................................29
5. Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998): De postmoderne conditie........................................................................................29
6. Taalspel – legitimatiecrisis – rechtvaardigheid................................................................................................................30
6. Le différend / The Differend: Phrases in Dispute, 1988....................................................................................................30
7. Kant – analyse van het sublieme – het onzichtbare denken............................................................................................30
8. Michel Foucault (1926-1984): De orde van het spreken..................................................................................................31
H9 Actuele kritische theorie – biopolitiek...................................................................................................................... 32
1. Michel Foucault (1926-1984)...........................................................................................................................................32
Opdracht - Lectuur volgend fragment..................................................................................................................................34
2. Giorgio Agamben (°1942) - biopolitiek – uitzonderingstoestand – corona......................................................................35
3. Stasis 2015........................................................................................................................................................................36
Opdracht...............................................................................................................................................................................36
H10 Actuele kritische theorieën 2 – Multitude – Negri, Hardt & Virno...........................................................................37
1. Antonio Negri 1933..........................................................................................................................................................37
2. Michael Hardt 1960 & Antonio Negri 1933......................................................................................................................37
2.1 Fordisme – Fordstelsel (cfr. Gramsci > zie les en syllabus pp. 49-50)........................................................................38
3
, 2.2 Postfordisme – flexibiliteit – toyotisme.....................................................................................................................38
3. Imperium en multitude.....................................................................................................................................................38
3.1 Multitude (2004)........................................................................................................................................................38
4. Assembly (2017)...............................................................................................................................................................39
5. Opdracht...........................................................................................................................................................................39
H11 Actuele kritische theorieën 3 – Postkolonialisme – Said & Spivak............................................................................41
1. Edward Said (1935-2003).................................................................................................................................................41
1.1 Giambattista Vico (1668-1744)..................................................................................................................................41
1.2 Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)....................................................................................................................................42
1.3 Gayatri Spivak (1942).................................................................................................................................................42
Opdracht- Lectuur.................................................................................................................................................................42
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