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Karch Pharmacology Ch. 9 – Antibiotics Questions and Correct Answers.
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Karch Pharmacology Ch. 9 – AntibioticsQuestions and Correct Answers
A 32-year-old female patient is admitted to the floor with a superinfection. Her orders read tigecycline
(Tygacil) 100 mg IV followed by 50 mg IV every 12 hours infused over 30 to 60 minutes for 5 days. What
would be important for the nurse to educate this patient about?
a. Analgesics
b. Antihistamines
c. Contraceptives
d. Decongestants - correct answers:c.
Many antibiotics interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and unplanned pregnancies can
occur. Women should be advised to use a barrier form of contraceptives when taking this drug. No
known serious drug-drug interactions involve analgesics, antihistamines, or decongestants.
A patient with a gram-negative infection is being treated with an aminoglycoside. What system should
the nurse expect to monitor closely while the patient is taking this medication?
a. Respiratory system
b. Ophthalmic system
c. Renal system
d. Musculoskeletal system - correct answers:c.
Renal function should be tested daily because aminoglycosides depend on the kidney for excretion and if
the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is abnormal it may be toxic to the kidney. The results of the renal
function testing could change the daily dosage. Aminoglycosides do not usually adversely affect
respiratory, hepatic, or musculoskeletal function, although baseline data concerning these systems is
always needed.
How would the nurse describe selective toxicity?
,a. Selective toxicity interferes with a biochemical reaction common to many different organisms.
b. Selective toxicity will decrease invading bacteria by interfering with the pathogens' ability to
reproduce.
c. Selective toxicity will eliminate bacteria by interrupting protein synthesis and damaging the pathogen's
cell wall.
d. Selective toxicity is the ability of the drug to kill foreign cells without causing harm to one's own body
cells. - correct answers:d.
The choice of antibiotics in a clinical situation is determined by assessing which drug will affect the
causative organism and lead to the fewest adverse effects. Selective toxicity is the ability of the drug to
kill foreign cells without causing harm to the human body cells. How the antibiotic works to kill bacteria
varies by drug type and may reduce the ability to reproduce, damage the cell wall, or interfere with a
biochemical reaction, but this is a description of how the antibiotic works and does not describe
selective toxicity
A local bioterrorism medical team is learning about germ warfare. The team is instructed that a
fluoroquinolone may be used to prevent an outbreak of anthrax infection. What fluoroquinolone would
the nurse be most likely to administer for this purpose?
a. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
b. Gemifloxacin (Factive)
c. Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
d. Sparfloxacin (Zagam) - correct answers:a.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is the most widely used fluoroquinolone and is indicated for the prevention of
anthrax infection. Gemifloxacin and sparfloxacin are most useful in treating acute episodes of chronic
bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia. Norfloxacin is recommended only for certain types of
urinary tract infections.
A clinic nurse is caring for a 66-pound child who has acute otitis media. The physician has ordered
ceftibuten (Cedax) 9 mg/kg per day PO for 10 days. The drug comes in an oral suspension of 90 mg/5 mL.
How many mL will the nurse administer?
, a. 5 mL
b. 10 mL
c. 15 mL
d. 20 mL - correct answers:c.
First, using the formula: 2.2 lb/1 kg = 66 lb/X kg, determine the child's weight in kg (66/2.2 = 30 kg).
Next, determine the desired dose by using the formula: amount of prescribed drug times weight in kg (9
mg/kg times 30 kg = 270 mg). To determine the volume of medication to administer, use the formula:
amount of drug available/volume available = amount of drug prescribed/volume to administer (90 mg/5
mL = 270 mg/X mL, 90mg/(X) = 1,350 mg/mL, X = 15 mL).
A 78-year-old woman, who lives alone and is forgetful, is being seen by her home health nurse. In
reviewing the patient's medication, the nurse discovers that the patient is taking Azithromycin
(Zithromax) for urethritis. Why would this be a good choice of antibiotics for this patient?
a. The half-life of the drug is 3 to 7 hours.
b. It is taken only once a day.
c. It has very few adverse effects.
d. It can be given without consideration to drug-drug interactions. - correct answers:b.
Given that the patient is "forgetful" and lives alone, a daily dose would likely promote improved
compliance. Azithromycin can be administered once daily because the half-life is 68 hours. Azithromycin
is associated with GI adverse effects and can cause pseudomembranous colitis; neurological symptoms
can occur as well. Azithromycin (Zithromax) may adversely interact with cardiac glycosides, oral
anticoagulants, theophyllines, carbamazepine, and corticosteroids to name a few agents.
A 12-year-old patient with a complicated skin infection has been admitted to the pediatric unit. The
physician has ordered Ertapenem (Invanz). What is the nursing priority?
a. Transcribe the order to the medication administration record (MAR).
b. Perform hand hygiene before preparing the medication.
c. Assess the patient's renal and hepatic functions.
d. Question the order by calling the physician who prescribed it. - correct answers:d.
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