NURSING 200 Oxygen, Fluid Balance and Electrolytes

NURSING 200 Oxygen, Fluid Balance and Electrolytes ***Fluid & electrolyte: • Serum osmolality: a measure of the different solutes in plasma. It is primarily determined by sodium. • Dependent edema: caused by the effects of gravity & occurs when fluid pools in the lower parts of the body, including the feet, legs, or hands. • Third space syndrome: occurs when too much fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial or "third" space - the nonfunctional area between cells. • Nondependent edema: swelling is not focused on the dependent body areas (face, hands. Not on lower body parts) • Fluid volume excess: Too much fluid in the body. Retains both water & electrolytes (sodium) in the extracellular fluid in equal proportions. • Active transport: substances move across a cell membrane through the use of a carrier molecule. • Osmosis: movement of water – from a solution of lower concentration to higher. • Diffusion: movement of molecule – from a solution if higher concentration to lower. • Filtration: the movement of water & solutes through the membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic, pressure. • Extravasation: The movement of white blood cells from the capillaries to the tissues surrounding them. • Infiltration: The migration of cells from their sources of origin, or the direct extension of cells as a result of unusual growth & multiplication. • Phlebitis: The inflammation of a vein. Occurs in veins on the surface of the skin. • Isotonic Solution: has the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. • Hypertonic solution: has a greater concentration of solutes then blood plasma. • Hypotonic solution: has a lesser concentration of solute than blood plasma. ***Respiratory • Cheyne stokes: an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper & sometimes faster breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea (conditions effecting movement of air) • Biot’s: an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea (conditions effecting movement of air)