Module 6 Written Assignment NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology
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ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. A.M. is likely suffering from: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
2. What is the pathophysiology for the condition you believe A.M. has (etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations)?
Etiology: Due to very high levels of ketones can poison the body and can develop DKA. This over production of...
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Module 6 Written Assignment
NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology
Title of Assignment:
Module 6: Endocrine pathophysiology
, Module 6 Written Assignment
NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology
1. A.M. is likely suffering from: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
2. What is the pathophysiology for the condition you believe A.M. has (etiology, pathogenesis,
and clinical manifestations)?
Etiology: Due to very high levels of ketones can poison the body and can develop DKA.
This over production of blood acids (Ketones) Developing when the body can produce
enough insulin, without that insulin the body can begin to break down fat as fuel leading
to high ketones in the bloodstream (DKA, 2021.)
Pathogenesis: Having an insulin deficiency due to lack of management of her blood
sugars. Causing more ill symptoms because of the body’s inability efficiently use
glucose. If left untreated there is a risk for diabetic come or even death (DKA, 2021.)
Clinical manifestations: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, slight sweet/fruity odor, high
blood glucose levels, high levels of ketones, dry/flushed skin, fatigue (DKA, 2021.)
3. Relate the etiology and clinical manifestations for the condition you identified for A.M. What
caused this condition to occur for this specific patient, and why did it cause the clinical
manifestations presented above?
Insulin deficiency causes the breakdown of fats and proteins into free fatty acids,
resulting in the formation of ketones (Wieber, 2021.) Ketones that are not uses by the
cells are excreted in our urine, resulting in increased urinary output (Wieber, 2021.)
Excess ketones can also cause metabolic acidosis, which causes potassium levels to rise
while sodium, magnesium, and phosphate levels fall. This action worsens hypovolemia,
and the respiratory system tries to compensate by causing deep and labored breathing
(Wieber, 2021.)
4. The practitioner at the urgent care facility makes the decision that A.M. needs to go to the
hospital by ambulance. Once at the Emergency Department (ED), the ED physician orders the
following items. Which are questionable related to her condition, and which are appropriate?
Why?
a. 1000 ml Lactated Ringer’s (LR) IV stat; Inappropriate to reestablish urinary output
and to help reverse hypotension use of normal saline to rehydrate.
b. 36 units NPH (Humulin N) and 20 units regular (Humulin R) insulin SQ now;
Inappropriate use of regular insulin should be given once hydration has been
started.
c. CBC with differential; CMP: blood cultures X2 sites; clean-catch urine for UA and C&S;
stool for ova and parasites; Clostridium difficile toxin, and C&S; serum lactate; ketone;
osmolality; ABGs on room air; Appropriate CBC w/ differential which may be
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