Essentials of Pathophysiology – Final Exam Review Sheet Covers Material from Modules 1-10
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Course
ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Institution
ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Review the difference between homeostasis and allostasis. Allostasis is the overall process of adaptive change necessary
2. What is epidemiology? . Epidemiology the branch of medicine that deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations….Review the ...
Essentials of Pathophysiology – Final Exam
Review Sheet Covers Material from Modules
1-10
Be sure to look over review sheets from Exam #1 and #2 – all previous information is
fair game for the Final exam
1. Review the difference between homeostasis and allostasis. Allostasis is the overall
process of adaptive change necessary
2. What is epidemiology? . Epidemiology the branch of medicine that deals with the study of the
causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations….Review the different levels
of disease prevention such as primary-
preventionintermsofimprovednutrition
,economy,housing,andsanitation Secondary-
prevention that lead to the early diagnosis of disease and, in some cases, cure tertiary-
prevention-once a disease becomes established, treatment
as well as examples for each. Epidemiology the branch of medicine that deals with the
study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations.
Primary-
preventionintermsofimprovednutrition,
economy,housing,andsanitation… Secondary-
prevention that lead to the early diagnosis of disease and, in some cases, cure… Tertiary
prevention- once a disease becomes established, treatment
3. Review the differences between the sympathetic vs the parasympathetic nervous systems.
What happens to the body during “fight-or-flight” response? Sympathetic- stressful
stimulus and release of norepinephrine. Parasympathetic-rest/relax
4. Review the functions of the various organelles of the cell such as the nucleus,
mitochondria, ribosome, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum- cytoplasm of a
eukaryotic cell, has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
peroxisome- breakdown of very long chain fatty acids through beta oxidation golgi
apparatus- a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most
eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.protein molecules in sacs
, called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the
5. Review the difference between active and passive immunity, know examples for each type.
s
Active immunity -vacine
-
ocurswhenindividualsareexposedtoantige
n,whichconferslong-term protectionbut
maytakeseveralwekstodevelop.)and (Passive
immunity-Newborns receive IgA antibodies through breast milk. serotherapy, involves
direct injection of antibodies into an unprotected person
, 6. What is edema?swelling Review the various factors that can contribute to
edema-- heart failure, kidney problems
7. What is a hypersensitivity? Review the four different types of hypersensitivities: Type I
(Anaphylactic)- (IgE)immediate hypersensitivity, allergic reaction Type II
(Cytotoxic)- ABO transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn, myasthenia
gravis, hyperacute graft rejection, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, IgM or IgG. Type III
(Immune complex)-- inflammatory reaction to the antibody–antigen complex, , IgM and
IgG, Immune complex- example Systemic Lupus E,
Type IV (Delayed cell-mediated)--- (Delayed cell-mediated- example tuberculin
reaction. Know examples and mediating factors for each type. Type IVa – Allergic
Contact Dermatitis, Type IVa – Tuberculin-Typ….. Know examples and mediating factors
for each type.
8. Review the differences between benign and malignant tumors.
9. Review signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease.
epigastricburningpainthatisusualyreli
evedbythe
intakeofood(especialydairyproducts)ora
ntacids.GIbleding,mayocurinpatientswi
thnowarning
burning stomach pain, bloating or belching, Heartburn
10. Review signs and symptoms of appendicitis. Generalized periumbilical pain
accompanied by nausea and, & diarrhea.
Pain-“migrating”orlocalizingtothelowe
rRIGHTabdomen/// How do we assess for this condition? Low
fever, nausea, anorexia, RIGHT quad pain, elevate WBC, rebound pain or tenderness at
McBurney point
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