intro to demographic transition - ANS -the story of the 20th century was one of massive demographic
growth
-within the lifetime of just our parents the population has over doubled
-3 billion in 1960
-7 billion in 2018
-9 billion projection in 2050
stage one of population growth - ANS -classic...
economic history
intro to demographic transition - ANS -the story of the 20th century was one of massive demographic
growth
-within the lifetime of just our parents the population has over doubled
-3 billion in 1960
-7 billion in 2018
-9 billion projection in 2050
stage one of population growth - ANS -classic Malthusian trap of nature
-this is typically very primitive societies trapped with the issue of not having enough food
-high birth rates and high death rates
-high death rates because of diseases and lack of food
-high birth rates were as a result of high death rates...families want kids to reach adulthood so they can
contribute to the family and care for their parents when they are older
stage two of population growth - ANS -the death rate declines due to the fact that the infant mortality
rate decreases
-the birth rate remains the same
-there is a delay in the birth rate declining because it takes time for families to realize the economic
burden of raising more children
-population of course begins to rise with birth rate > death rate
stage three of population growth - ANS -the birth rate now begins to decline, as families begin to see
the economic burden of having more children
-population of course grows as aforementioned
, stage four of population growth - ANS -the population begins to stabilize as the birth rate and the death
rate converge
-the number of babies women have on average goes down from 7.1 to 2
outcomes of demographic transition - ANS -emergence of the nuclear family...two parents two kids
-higher life expectancy because of lower death rates
-changing role of women due to the fact that she now only raises 2 kids on average in comparison to 7
-this idea is similar to the washing machine
-urbanization occurs with population growth
-democratization also went hand in hand with demographic growth in rich countries
-one other thing to note, once demographic transition begins it cannot be stopped
number of children per woman in countries - ANS UK - 1.9
peru - 2.3
bangladesh - 2.1
indonesia - 2.2
iran - 1.9
-most regions have a fertility rate of 2, with the exception of sub saharan africa, which is lagging behind
with higher fertility rate
how long does it take to reduce the fertility rate - ANS -it depends on the country
-UK it took 95 years
-US it took 82 years
-china it only took 11 years
-this was due to the advantage of backwardness
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