Summary IGCSE/GCSE Biology Edexcel Revision Notes PDF - Section 1 - The nature and variety of living organisms - PART 2
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Course
Biology
Institution
GCSE
IGCSE/GCSE Biology Edexcel Revision Notes PDF - Section 1 - The nature and variety of living organisms. Includes deatiled and comprehensive revision notes on the first topic from the Biology 9-1 Edexcel specification.
Variety of Living Organisms
● Organisms can be classified according to their characteristics
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Living organisms are either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
- Eukaryotic organisms have cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles such as
mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plants, animals, fungi and protists are all eukaryotic.
- Prokaryotic organisms have cells that are much smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or organelles such as mitochondria and
chloroplasts. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms.
Plants
1. They are multicellular - made up of more than one of cells
2. They have a cell wall and cell membrane. The cell wall is made of cellulose
3. Many plant cells have a vacuole that contains cell sap.
4. They contain chloroplasts which are able to carry out photosynthesis - a process that uses
the Sun’s energy to produce carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are stored as starch or
sucrose.
5. Plants vary in shape and size with no nervous coordination
Examples: cereal such as rice and maize, and herbaceous legumes such as lentils, peas, beans,
and flowering plants
Questions - page 16
1. Explain what is meant by the term multicellular, and give one example.
2. Plants do not have skeletons, as animals do, but are still able to stand upright. Explain why.
3. One kind of structure found in some plant cells makes plants able to produce their own
food. What is this structure called?
Animals
1. They are multicellular
2. Do not contain chloroplasts, so do not carry out photosynthesis
3. They eat other organisms to get their food
4. They have a cell membrane, but no cell wall
5. They can coordinate their movements using nerve to move from place to place
6. For energy, animals store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen. They also store lipids
often as a layer of fat below the skin, around body organs, as a store of energy
Examples: Mammals, humans and insects such as housefly and mosquito
Questions - page 16
1. If you compared a plant cell and an animal cell under the microscope, which features would
you see:
a. In both cells
b. Only in the plant cell?
2. Describe two differences between plants and animal in terms of structure of their bodies
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