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Unit 21B - Medical Physics Applications
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unit 21B applied science medical physics
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Unit 21 Assignment 2:Technique / Hazard Health and Health and Side effects of Limitations of Safety Control
Safety Risks to Safety Risks to treatment to Treatment Measures
Patient Operator Patient
MRI - Metallic items - Metallic items None - Pregnant - Remove
should be should be women cannot metallic items
removed removed use mri
- Heating can be - Heating can - People with
caused in tooth be caused in pacemakers
fillings and tooth fillings can not use mri
tattoos and tattoos also
Lasers - Laser light in the - Laser light in None None - Wear tinted
eye can cause the eye can glasses
loss of eyesight cause loss of - Special
eyesight training for staff
is required
IRT None None None - Blurred image None
Ultrasound None None None - 2D blurred None
(diagnosis) image
Ultrasound - Heating in the None - Heating in the - Only can be None
(Treatment) tumour tumour used on certain
- Pain can be tumours (can’t
caused when be used on
urinating caused brain tumours)
by kidney stone
fragment
X-rays - Risk of cancer - Radiation - Side effects - Ionizing - Special
from radiation exposure e.g., vomiting, radiation training for staff
hair loss, is required
bleeding - Can only have
- Risk of cancer up to 5 in a year
from radiation - Wearing
protective
equipment
(lead aprons,
leaded gloves
and goggles)
- Using shielding
(mobile shields,
lead curtains)
- All x-rays are
equipped with
an emergency
button. When
pressed this will
cut all electrical
power to the
generator in an
emergency.
- X-rays have a
, short duration
time
CAT Scans - CAT scans use x- - Radiation - Risk of cancer - Patients may -Recommended
rays which exposure from radiation feel to have
produce ionizing Claustrophobic one/two in a
radiation which due to scan ring year
can cause cancer - Not - Removing
- Allergic reaction recommended metal objects
to the contrast for pregnant
dye women
Gamma Ray Imaging - Radiation can - Risk of cancer - Side effects - Radiation - Wearing
weaken the from radiation include nausea, exposure protective
bones and can vomiting, equipment
potentially cause diarrhoea and (lead aprons,
them to break low blood cell leaded gloves
over time count and goggles)
- Risk of cancer - The correct
from radiation amount of
source must be
administrated
to limit the
ionisation of the
healthy tissues
as the isotope
circulates.
- The source
must be
produced in a
sterile
environment
- Health checks
are needed
before taking
the scan like
blood or urine
sample to make
sure the patient
is healthy to
take the scan.
For example,
pregnant
women should
not use the PET
scan as the
radiation can
affect the
foetus.
Radiotherapy - Side effects - Risk of cancer - Side effects - Multiple - Wearing
(treated areas from radiation include sore treatment protective
may feel warm, skin, hair loss, sessions are equipment
headaches and fatigue, often required. (lead aprons,
fatigue can occur) diarrhoea - Not leaded gloves
- Risk of cancer recommended and goggles)
from radiation for pregnant - limit contact
with other
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