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BIO 264 Final Exam|137 Questions and Answers
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BIO 264 Final Exam|137 Questions andAnswers
Once excitation-contraction coupling has occurred, calcium ion concentration
increases dramatically in the:
a. sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. cytosol of the muscle fiber
c. sarcolemma
d. terminal cisterna
e. there is no change in calcium concentration - -b. cytosol of the muscle
fiber
-As Lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring
horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. Which nervous system division
dominated when she was startled awake?
a. sensory nervous system
b. sympathetic nervous system
c. parasympathetic nervous system
d. somatic nervous system - -b. sympathetic nervous system
-Jorge tried to pick up his sofa but discover that it is much heavier than he
expected. What must occur in the muscle to increase tension so he can pick
up this heavy piece of furniture?
a. tetanic spasm
b. recruitment of additional motor units
c. pliometric contraction
d. isotonic eccentric contractions - -b. recruitment of additional motor units
-The chemical force for which of the following ions is directed into the cell?
a. potassium only
b. sodium only
c. calcium only
d. both potassium and sodium
e. both sodium and calcium - -e. both sodium and calcium
-Which fiber type helps Frances stand for hours in her job as a nurse?
a. type I fiber
b. typer IIa fiber
c. type IIx fiber
d. Type III fiber - -a. type I fiber
, -The opening of a chloride channel acts to ________ the development of an
action potential at the axon hillock.
a. stimulate
b. inhibit
c. facilitate
d. further
e. enhance - -b. inhibit
-If a resting axon increases its permeability to potassium ions: - -the eflux of
K+ will lead to membrane to hyperpolarization.
-Which number of the graph represents when voltage-gated sodium
channels are open? - -2
-What effect does a B2 agonist have on the diameter of respiratory
passages? - -The diameter of the respiratory passageways will increase.
-The all-or-none principle, associated with the action potential, states that
_____________. - -once membrane potential reaches threshold, an action
potential will be generated and that action potential will always be the same
magnitude.
-The force generate by a single muscle fiber can be increased by - -
increasing frequency of action potentials only.
-The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is
responsible for which of the following?
a. initiation of an action potential
b. termination of an action potential potential
c. fusion of vesicles to the membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter
d. diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the membrane and into the cleft
e. movement of calcium through gap junctions - -c. fusion of vesicles to the
membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter
-What do skeletal muscle contractions share in common with smooth muscle
contractions? - -Both types of contractions result from thick and thin
filaments sliding past one another.
-During the cross-bridge cycle, ATP binding to myosin causes which of the
following? - -The myosin head to detach to actin.
-Which of the following is the voltage sensor that imitates an increase in
cytoplasmic calcium in response to an action potential?
, a. dihydropyridine receptor
b. ryanodine receptor
c. calcium pump
d. calcium-induced calcium release channel
e. sodium channel - -a. dihydropyridine receptor
-Sodium ions are moving with their concentration gradient with the use of a
protein channel across a plasma membrane. Determine the type of
membrane transport used to transport these sodium ions.
a. simple diffusion
b. primary active transport
c. osmosis
d. facilitated diffusion
e. exocytosis - -d. facilitated diffusion
-The binding of calcium to troponin will directly allow which of the following?
a. the binding of ATP to myosin
b. the further release of calcium into the cytoplasm
c. the movement of tropomyosin, thereby exposing the myosin-binding site
on actin molecule
d. the movement of tropomyosin, thereby exposing the myosin-binding site
on myosin molecule
e. the hydrolysis of ATP - -c. the movement of tropomyosin, thereby
exposing the myosin-binding site on actin molecule
-The equilibrium potential describes the membrane potential where what
two forces are balanced?
a. chemical and temperature
b. chemical and electrical
c. electrical and permeability
d. temperature and density
e. density and magnetic - -b. chemical and electrical
-Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as:
a. alpha receptors.
b. beta receptors.
c. cholinergic receptors.
d. adrenergic receptors. - -c. cholinergic receptors.
-Which of the following is a reflection of the unequal distribution of positive
and negative ions across the plasma membrane?
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