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Summary CIE Physics A2 Paper 4 Notes $14.99
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Summary CIE Physics A2 Paper 4 Notes

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  • Vak
  • CIE A-LEVEL PHYSICS (9720)
  • Instelling
  • Shrewsbury International School Bangkok

[The note has been updated for syllabus]. All the questions in the past exam papers were analysed and there were a large amount of repetitive questions; the most noticeable ones being the definitions and the topic of ultrasound. For ultrasound this note consists of all the possible question and...

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Laatste update van het document: 6 jaar geleden

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Document informatie

  • 8 augustus 2018
  • 13 februari 2019
  • 26
  • 2017/2018
  • Samenvatting

Onderwerpen

  • a level physics
  • a2 physics
  • cie a level physics
  • cie a2 physics
  • paper 4 physics
  • markscheme notes
  • revision notes
  • paper 4 notes
  • paper 4 revision notes
  • physics paper 4
  • cie a2 paper 4
  • cie a2 physics notes
  • c

Geschreven voor

  • Shrewsbury International School Bangkok
  • CIE A-LEVEL PHYSICS (9720)
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16  beoordelingen

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Door: sumaiyamahmud • 2 jaar geleden

terrible

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Door: Pterocarya_soapwort • 4 jaar geleden

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Door: angelinethamrin • 4 jaar geleden

It's very useful. Thank you for making this!

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Door: riyaanshmittal14 • 5 jaar geleden

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Door: pete_lohprasert • 5 jaar geleden

Is there anything I can do to improve the notes? I'll try my best to add them!

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Door: nanikmahajan • 5 jaar geleden

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Door: pete_lohprasert • 5 jaar geleden

Can you please tell me how the notes could be improve so that I can edit it during this summer holiday. Thanks!

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Door: mohammadsadat2001 • 5 jaar geleden

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Door: eimanhamdoun • 5 jaar geleden

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Door: pete_lohprasert • 5 jaar geleden

I am sorry to see that you didn't like my notes, can you perhaps tell me what you think could be improved so that I can edit it over the summer holiday for the future students who take the exams. Thanks!

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Voorbeeld van de inhoud

Physics A2 Paper 4 Notes
Last Edited: 13/2/2019




Patapee Lohprasert ()

Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London

, Table of Contents
1 Gravitational Fields and Electric Fields .......................................................................................... 1
2 Magnetic Fields ............................................................................................................................... 2
3 Circular Motion ................................................................................................................................ 4
4 Oscillations ....................................................................................................................................... 5
5 Thermal Physics ............................................................................................................................... 6
6 Transformer .................................................................................................................................... 10
7 Capacitors ...................................................................................................................................... 11
8 Electronics & Communication ..................................................................................................... 12
9 OP-AMPS........................................................................................................................................ 15
10 Quantum Physics ......................................................................................................................... 16
10.1 Nuclear Physics ........................................................................................................................... 16
10.2 Ultrasound .................................................................................................................................. 17
10.3 Photoelectric Effect..................................................................................................................... 18
10.4 Band Theory ................................................................................................................................ 20
10.5 Radioactivity ............................................................................................................................... 21
10.5 X-ray ............................................................................................................................................ 22

,1 Gravitational Fields and Electric Fields
1.1 Important Definitions
Field of force: region (of space) where a force is experienced by a particle
Gravitational Field: region of space where a mass experiences a force
Gravitational Field Strength: Force per unit mass
Electric field strength: force per unit positive charge acting on a stationary charge
Gravitational potential: work done in bringing unit mass from infinity to the point
Electric potential: work done/ energy in moving unit positive charge from infinity to the
point
Newton’s law of gravitation: force proportional to product of the two point masses and
inversely proportional to the square of their separation
Coulomb’s Law: force proportional to product of charges and inversely proportional to
square of separation


1.2 Key Equations
Gravitational Field:
𝐺𝑚1 𝑚2
1. 𝐹= (Gravitational Force 𝐹 , 𝐺 = 6.67 × 10−11 )
𝑟2
𝐺𝑚
2. 𝜙 = − (Gravitational Potential 𝜙)
𝑟


Electric Field:

𝑞1 𝑞2
1. 𝐹 = (Electrical Force 𝐹, 𝜖0 = 8.85 × 10−12 )
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2
𝑉
2. 𝐸 = (Electric Field Intensity 𝐸, distance of two charged
𝑑

plates, 𝑑)
𝑄
3. 𝑉 = (Electric Potential 𝑉)
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟


1.3 Exam Style Questions and Key Points
State what is meant by a line of force in
• A gravitational field: tangent to line gives direction of force on a small test mass
• An electric field: tangent to line gives direction of force on a small positive test
charge


Similarities and differences between gravitational force field and electric force field
around a charged metal sphere isolated in space.
• Similarities:

, • radial fields
• lines normal to surface
• greater separation of lines with increased distance from sphere
1
• field strength ∝
(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒)²
• Differences:
• gravitational force (always) towards sphere
• electric force direction depends on sign of charge on sphere (towards or away
from sphere)


Why gravitational potential is a negative quantity:
• Gravitational potential at infinity is zero
• Gravitational force attractive so work done as object moves from infinity so potential
is negative
• OR, gravitational force is (always) attractive
• work is done is by masses so negative as they come together


Why the electric field strength in metal sphere is zero
• charges in metal do not move
𝐹
• no (resultant) force on charges so no (electric) field (as 𝐸 = )
𝑄



Why points outside an isolated spherical conductor, the charge on the sphere may be
considered to act as a point charge at its centre:
• lines perpendicular to surface OR, lines are radial
• lines appear to come from center



2 Magnetic Fields
2.1 Important Definitions
Tesla: uniform magnetic flux normal to long straight wire carrying a current of 1A creates
force per unit length of 1 Nm^-1
Faraday’s law: Induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
∆𝑁𝛷
linkage. (𝑉 = )
∆𝑡
Lenz’s law: induced e.m.f./current produces effects in a direction that opposes the change
causing it
Quantisation of charge: charge exists in discrete and equal quantities


1.2 Key Equations
1. 𝐹 = 𝐵𝐼𝐿 (Magnetic Force 𝐹, Magnetic Field Strength 𝐵, length 𝐿)

, 2. Ф = BA (Magnetic flux Ф, Area 𝐴 perpendicular to 𝐵)
3. Flux linkage = ФN (𝑁 = number of turns)


2.3 Exam Style Questions and Key Points
Magnetic field of Earth is always horizontal unless at the poles.


Why a Hall probe is made from a thin slice of material
• Hall voltage depends on thickness of slice
• thinner slice, larger Hall voltage


Why is it difficult to detect hall voltage in a thin slice of copper:
• (in metal,) n is very large
• (therefore) hall voltage is small


Value of the Hall Voltage:
• Hall voltage depends on angle between field and plane of probe
• Max when field normal to plane of probe


Explain why the r.m.s value of the current in the solenoid is reduced as a result of inserting
an iron core:
• For same current iron core gives larger rate of change of flux linkage (iron core
increase the magnetic field strength -> increases flux density)
• e.m.f induced in solenoid is greater (for same current)
• induced e.m.f. opposes applied e.m.f. so current smaller/acts to reduce current


As the magnet is being moved into the solenoid, thermal energy is transferred in the
resistor. Use laws of electromagnetic induction to explain this thermal energy:
• moving magnet gives rise to/causes/induces e.m.f./current in solenoid/coil
• (induced current) creates field/flux in solenoid that opposes (motion of) magnet
• work is done/energy is needed to move magnet (into solenoid)
• (induced) current gives heating effect (in resistor) which comes from the work done


Two wires are laid side-by-side and carry equal currents I in opposite directions, explain
why the total magnetic flux density due to the current in the wires is negligible:
• magnetic fields are equal in magnitude/strength/flux density
• magnetic fields are opposite in direction
• fields superpose/add/cancel to give zero/negligible resultant field


Why magnet falling down through Aluminum takes longer to fall than and plastic tube :
• as magnet falls, tube there is a change in magnetic flux

, • (different rate of change of magnetic flux at different part of tube so there is p.d and)
eddy current induced in aluminum tube but current can’t flow in plastic tube
• eddy current causes heating effect
• heat energy derived from KE of falling magnet
• terminal velocity decreases so longer time in aluminum


Reduction in amplitude of oscillation when a metal block cuts a magnetic field:
• metal block cut magnetic flux at different rate so different induced emf at different
part
• give rise to eddy current which causes heating effect
• heat energy derived from energy of oscillation



3 Circular Motion
3.1 Important Definitions
Radian: angle subtended from centre of a circle where arc length is equal to the radius


3.2 Key Equations:
2𝜋
1. 𝜔 = = 2𝜋𝑓 (Angular Frequency 𝜔)
𝑡
2. 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟
3. 𝐹 = 𝑚𝜔2 𝑟 (Centripetal Force 𝐹)
4. 𝑎 = 𝜔2 𝑟 (Centripetal Acceleration 𝑎)



3.3 Exam Style Questions and Key Points
Path of the electron in the magnetic field is in the arc of a circle
• (magnetic) force (always) normal to velocity/direction of motion
• (magnitude of magnetic) force constant // speed is constant / kinetic energy is
constant
• magnetic force provides/is the centripetal force
• OR :
• Force due to magnetic field is constant
• Speed of particle is constant
• Force always normal to direction of motion
• Magnetic force provides centripetal force


Speed of particle in arc is not affected by magnetic field :
• Magnetic field always perpendicular to direction of motion
• so there is no work done on the particle

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