ATPL questions and answers 100% Pass

ATPL questions and answers 100% Pass What are the forces acting on an aircraft in flight? -Answer-Drag. Thrust. Lift and Weight What is direct lift control? -Answer-The elevator / stabilizer provide the direct lift control. What are high lift devices? -Answer-Trailing edge flaps. Leading edge flaps. Slots Define the two major types or Drag. -Answer-Profile and induced drag which equals total drag What are high drag devices? -Answer-Trailing edge flaps, spoilers, landing gear, revere thrust, braking parachute. How do you prevent span-vise airflow on a wing especially swept wing? -Answer- Fences, vortex generators What is the purpose vortex generators and fences? -Answer-To reduce spanwise airflow and thereby reduce its effects What are winglets and how do they work? -Answer-Winglets are aerodynamically efficient surfaces located at the wing tips. They are designed to reduce induced drag. They dispense the spanwise airflow from the upper and lower surfaces at different points. How does a forward center of gravity affect the stall speed? -Answer-A center of gravity forward of the center of pressure will cause a higher stall speed What advantages does an aircraft gain from a swept swing? -Answer-High mach cruise speeds, stability in turbulence. Where does a swept wing stall first? -Answer-A simple swept or tapered wing will stall at the wing tip first. Explain speed stability. -Answer-It's the behavior of the speed after a disturbance at a fixed power setting What is Mach Number -Answer-Mach number is a true airspeed indication, given as a percentage relative to the local speed of sound. What is the critical Mach number (mcrit)? -Answer-Mcrit is the aircraft's mach speed at which the airflow over a wing becomes sonic. What is Mach tuck? -Answer-Is the nose down pitching moment an aircraft experiences as it passes it's critical mach number What is the purpose of a mach trimmer? -Answer-A Mach trimmer is to automatically compensate for Mach tuck above Mcrit. What are the affects of compressibility? -Answer-The effect of air being compressed onto a surface resulting in an increase in density and thus dynamic pressure rises above its expected value. What changes the aircrafts angle of attack at the stall? -Answer-The movement of the center of pressure point at the stall causes a change in the aircraft's angle of attack What happens to the stall speed at very high altitudes? -Answer-Mach number compressibility effect on the wing results in a higher EAS (actual equivalent airspeed), compressibility error on the IAS increases the stall speed What is super stall? -Answer-Is a stall from which the aircraft is unable to recover. What is Dutch roll? -Answer-Dutch roll is an oscillatory Instability. It is the combination of yawing and rolling motions What causes Dutch roll? -Answer-Swept wings What is the three purposes of spoilers? -Answer-Roll control, Air speed brakes, and ground lift dumpers What our Krueger flaps? -Answer-Krueger flaps are leading edge wing flaps used to increase the wing chamber How do flap affect takeoff ground run? -Answer-A higher flap within the take off range, will reduce the takeoff' ground run for a given aircraft weight. What's the purpose is of yaw and roll dampers? -Answer-To prevent Dutch roll and coordinate turns What are the four reasons for a variable-incident tailplane / stabilizer? -Answer-Provide a balancing force for a large C of G range, cope with large trim changes. Provide balancing force for a large speed range, reduce elevator trim drag. What is a mass balance? -Answer-It is another form of aerodynamic balance control on a control surface. What are active controls? -Answer-A surface that moves automatically / actively in response to non-direct inputs What is engine torque? -Answer-A force causing rotation What is specific fuel consumption (SFC)? -Answer-The quantity / weight (Ib) of fuel consumed per hour divided by the thrust of an engine in pounds Why do operators use reduced de-rated thrust takeoffs in a jet aircraft? -Answer-To protect engine life and improve reliability, reduce noise. What is the purpose of engine re-light boundaries? -Answer-To ensure that correct proportion of air is delivered to the engines combustion chamber to restart the engine in flight.