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ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB 5355 EXAM #1 Questions and Correct Answers
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ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- UTMB5355 EXAM #1 Questions and Correct
Answers
Transcription - correct answers:synthesis of RNA from DNA
Transcription results in - correct answers:mRNA
RNA polymerase makes - correct answers:mRNA
mRNA - correct answers:makes proteins
RNA polymerase - correct answers:binds to DNA
Transcription factors (TFs) - correct answers:A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects
transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or repress expression of genes
Termination of transcription - correct answers:RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence (Stop
codon) and detaches from the template
Translation - correct answers:Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced. Protein
assembly
Translation takes place in the - correct answers:cytoplasm
Codon - correct answers:A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides
genetic code information for a amino acid
,Amino acids are - correct answers:building blocks of proteins
tRNA - correct answers:An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and
protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
Codons allow - correct answers:for DNA and RNA to communicate
Gene Regulation - correct answers:the process of turning genes on and off
Gene Regulation occurs - correct answers:during transcription
Transcription factors (TFs) determine - correct answers:amount of protein product made
Nucleotide - correct answers:DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1 nitrogenous base
Mutation - correct answers:permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that affects genetic information
germline mutation - correct answers:happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all cells
somatic mutation - correct answers:A mutation that occurs in the body cells from spontaneous
development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
causes of mutations - correct answers:• Incorrect copying of the DNA sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
silent mutation - correct answers:alters a base but does not change the amino acid
, DNA is - correct answers:master blueprint for human being
Gene - correct answers:the basic unit of inheritance
DNA makes - correct answers:proteins
Chromosomes - correct answers:threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
23 pairs of - correct answers:chromosomes
Allele - correct answers:variant of a gene
A cell holds how many alleles of each gene? - correct answers:2, one from mom and one from dad
Phenotype - correct answers:An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. Affected by
environment
Genotype - correct answers:genetic makeup of an organism
locus - correct answers:Location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous - correct answers:An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous - correct answers:An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Recessive - correct answers:trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
Dominant - correct answers:An allele that is always expressed
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