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Advanced Pathophysiology UTMB 5355 EXAM Questions and Correct Answers.
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Advanced Pathophysiology UTMB 5355EXAM 2:Questions and Correct Answers
Oncogenes - correct answers:cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells
Proto-oncogenes - correct answers:promote normal cell growth factor and division
If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - correct answers:Oncogenes
Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - correct answers:Antioncogenes
antioncogenes - correct answers:inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations
Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in - - correct answers:oncogenes, tumor suppressor
genes
What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes? - correct answers:Gatekeepers & Caretakers
tumor suppressor genes - correct answers:encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair
mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
Gatekeeper - correct answers:regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally prevent uncontrolled
growth and potential progression of cancer
Caretaker - correct answers:suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning correctly mutation
can occur
How does chronic inflammation cause cancer? - correct answers:Inflammation increases free radicals
and reactive oxygen species which promote mutation
, interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in stress, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. -
correct answers:Pro-inflammatory cytokines
TP53 gene - correct answers:tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape apoptosis and
can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine - correct answers:pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis
4 functions of TNF - correct answers:1)cell survival
2)cell proliferation
3) cell differentiation
4)cell death
CA therapy in relation to TNF - correct answers:Modulation of TNF/receptors
tumor markers - correct answers:not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of cancers or
after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
tumor markers are produced by both - correct answers:benign & malignant cells, increased levels seen in
cancerous/noncancerous tumors
tumor markers include - correct answers:hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens and antibodies
CA19-9 - correct answers:pancreatic cancer
CA-125 - correct answers:ovarian cancer
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) - correct answers:hepatic, germ cell CA
CEA - correct answers:colon cancer
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