AS Unit F962 - European and World History Period Studies
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History for the IB Diploma Paper 2 Authoritarian States (20th Century)
This document contains detailed notes of the Rise to Power of Adolf Hitler, Mao Zedong & Benito Mussolini. The notes provide a firm base for any IB History essay on the rise to power of Authoritarian Leaders. The notes are arranged in a table format with each Authoritarian leader in each column and...
Hitler's Germany: Consolidating and Maintaining Power
Nazi Regime (Hitler's Germany)
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AS Unit F962 - European and World History Period Studies
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Authoritarian States
Rise/ Emergence
Category Hitler Mao Mussolini
Impact of War • 1919 ToV- 100,00 troops, • 30 years of conflict- frustrated • 700,000 dead
£6.6bn (blank cheque), Diktat, population • 2.5 million demobilised Sol-
Danzig, Posen • Northern Expedition: spread diers
• Hyperinflation- led to Ruhr Cri- CCP message • Mutilated peace: Promised but
sis • Sino-Japanese War: Commu- not given Dalmatia, & Aegan
• Ebert SPD- Stab in the Back- nist Heroism in guerrilla war- Islands
defeatism fare (unlike GMD), 3 Alls Cam- • Led to D’annuzio invasion of
paign- United under Commu- Fiume 1919
nism
• Civil War: Strong Point ofen-
sive, Struggle for Manchuria,
won due to modern army,
guerrilla tactics & destroying
airfields & railroads (600
miles)
Economy • Hyperinflation, Reparations, • 80% of budget spent on mili- • Debt: 16 to 86 billion (1915-
etc tary 18)
• Impoverished farmers from • Severe inflation- 1000% • 400% increase in living costs
1926 Price drops (1949)- goods too expensive • Exchange Rate: 1914- 5:1
• WSC: u/e from 3m (1930) to to buy- eroded middle class 1921: 28:1- caused expensive
6m (1932)- 40% of Workforce • 1949- collapse of monetary imports
• Dawes & Young plan termi- system • BUT after economic crisis in
nated • Industry at 20% capability & 1921 only 35 seats compared
• Welfare system collapses, FDI 25% pre-war output (1946) to 122 for Socialists
stopped, deflation- loss of sav- • Lack of Welfare state- poverty
ings
• NSDAP: 1928: 2.6%, 1932:
37.3%
Government Weakness • Proportional Representation: • Unsuccessful Land Policy • 1919- Manhood Sufrage &
20+ weak coalitions, 28 par- • Concerned with extermination Prop. representation
ties more like pressure groups campaigns rather than re- • 5 in Coalition- Catholics, So-
• Constitution allowed Refer- forms cialists, communists, National-
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