Exam (elaborations)
BUS 5111 Unit 6 Discussion Assignment
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A guide to assignment focusing on Initial Public Offering in the USA and critical events and points of time.
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Describe the Initial Public Offering (IPO) process in the USA to include critical events andpoints-in-time.
An initial public offering (IPO) is a process by which a private corporation raises capital by
offering shares to the public in a new stock issuance (Fernando, 2021). The company will be able
to raise the capital for various purposes and the private investors can participate in the offering.
The founding private investors will have the opportunity to sell their share and gain profit.
Private companies raise capital by being financed by a small number of shareholders however
when they want to take the business to the next level an IPO could be seen as a reasonable
choice. Private companies are required to meet certain criteria set by the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) to hold an IPO (Fernando, 2021).
Private companies need to hire experts to consult on the IPO process usually investment banks
(Ashford, 2021). These experts are called underwriters and they help set the initial price for the
offering. Furthermore, the underwriters will prepare all the necessary technical and legal
documents and make an appointment with potential investors (Ashford, 2021).
IPO is a complex process that requires the involvement of several parties; hence it requires care
and sufficient time. The following are the common steps and timelines that a private company
may take during IPO. The first process as mentioned above is choosing underwriters and
building the IPO team. Companies should evaluate proposals from several underwriters based on
their experience, reputation, and long-term commitment to the company before making their
decision (Schueneman, 2021).
The IPO team is composed of underwriters, lawyers, certified public accounts, and SEC experts
(Fernando, 2021). They will prepare the registration document that addresses the money each
party makes in the IPO, financial summary, securities requirements, and other details. Choosing
underwriters and preparing the registration document would take significant time hence start a
year before the effective date is recommended (Schueneman, 2021).
Then this stage is followed by the cooling-off period where the company's financial statements
are evaluated by independent auditors and other regulatory bodies like the SEC and the Financial
Industry Regulatory Body (FINRA) (Schueneman, 2021). This period could be within six
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