Pathophysiology Final (HESI)
Exam 2024 [Updated]
Questions & Complete
Solutions 100% Verified
When maintained well, maintains skin and mucous membranes and is also essential in
reducing host susceptibility - Answer - nutrition
Pts with advanced cancer are often ____ - Answer - malnourished
Involves the administration of a nutrient mixture directly into a peripheral vein - Answer -
total parenteral nutrition
Asymptomatic disease with mild discomfort, diarrhea, or constipation and flatulence
which can be excused for other reasons - Answer - diverticulosis
during acute episodes, food intake should be reduced along with antimicrobial drugs
taken as needed; treated by increasing the bulk in the diet, omitting foods such as
seeds or popcorn, and encouraging regular bowel movements without constipation -
Answer - diverticulosis
Includes the pituitary gland, the two adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, the four
parathyroid glands, the endocrine portion of the pancreas, the gonads, the pineal gland,
and the thymus - Answer - endocrine glands
Secrete hormones directly into the blood, in contrast to exocrine glands that secrete into
a duct - Answer - endocrine glands
,Chemical messengers that affect blood glucose levels, including insulin, glucagon,
epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone - Answer - hormones
develops more frequently in patients with Type 2 diabetes; often the patient is an older
person with an infection or one who has overindulged in carbs, thereby using more
insulin than anticipated - Answer - HHNC
Condition may be difficult to diagnose initially; severe cellular dehydration results in
neurologic deficits, muscle weakness, difficulties with speech, and abnormal reflexes -
Answer - HHNC
Hyperglycemia and dehydration develop because of the relative insulin deficit, but
sufficient insulin is available to prevent ketoacidosis - Answer - HHNC
#1 nursing intervention with a patient who has HHNC is: - Answer - maintain a patent
airway!
Low __ ___ is a risk factor for osteoporosis - Answer - bone mass
Have higher risk for osteoporosis - Answer - women
2 most critical stages of life in which osteoporosis can develop - Answer - children and
elderly
osteoporosis is common in older individuals, especially ____ women with ___ deficiency
- Answer - postmenopausal, estrogen
activity is less effective with advancing age - Answer - osteoblastic activity
decreased ____, ____ factors, ___ deficits, low vitamin ___, or low ___ are all factors of
osteoporosis - Answer - mobility, hormonal, calcium, D, protein
excessive ___ intake is a contributor to osteoporosis - Answer - caffeine
positive results of a pregnancy test are based on the presence of this - Answer - hCG
some pregnancy tests can detect pregnancy as early as: - Answer - the first day
following a missed period
a second pregnancy test is recommended within a ___ if the first test is negative -
Answer - week
this kind of pregnancy test should be performed if it is ectopic - Answer - serum
pregnancy test
, this level is expected to double about every 48 hours in a normal pregnancy; if failed to
double, the pregnancy may be ectopic - Answer - beta- hCG
administered to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disorders - Answer - vitamin K
the sterile gut of a newborn lacks intestinal bacteria necessary for the synthesis of this
vitamin - Answer - vitamin K
required for the production of clotting factors such as prothrombin and fibrinogen -
Answer - Vitamin K
results from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, constriction of the pericardium by
tumor, or pericarditis secondary to radiation therapy to the chest - Answer - cardiac
tamponade
manifestations include heavy feelings over the chest, shortness of breath, tachycardia,
cough, dysphagia, hiccups, hoarseness, nausea, vomiting, excessive perspiration,
decreased level of consciousness, pulses paradoxes, distant or muted heart sounds,
and extreme anxiety, neck vein distension - Answer - cardiac tamponade
a medical emergency; pericardiocentesis with surgical repair as appropriate is needed
(16-18 gauge needle inserted into pericardial space to relieve pressure and analyze
fluid) - Answer - cardiac tamponade
states that, to a point, the more myocardial fibers are stretched, the greater their force of
contraction - Answer - Frank Starling's Law
is increased with exercise - Answer - HDL levels
the "good" lipoprotein; has a low lipid content and is used to transport cholesterol AWAY
from the peripheral cells to the liver, where it undergoes catabolism and excretion -
Answer - HDL
protects women until after menopause - Answer - HDL
decreases HDL levels - Answer - smoking
indicative of angina pectoris; condition in which the heart has outgrown its blood supply
- Answer - hypertrophy
right ventricular hypertrophy occurs in this condition - Answer - Tetralogy of Fallot
can lead to ventricular hypertrophy; - Answer - afterload, hypertension
an increase in the muscle mass and cardiac wall thickness in response to overwork and
strain; occurs slowly because it takes time for increased muscle tissues to develop;
