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CESSWI Exam – Questions & Correct Answers
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CESSWI Exam – Questions & Correct AnswersClean Water Act (CWA) ✔️Ans - enacted in 1972 with the intent of restoring
and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the waters
of the U.S, Agency having authority-U.S. EPA, Emphasized a technology-based
approach
CWA Section 402 ✔️Ans - establishes National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System(NPDES) in 1972 to control the discharges of pollutants
from defined point sources; originally focused on industrial waste water
process and Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs); includes stormwater
runoff requirements
CWA Section 404 ✔️Ans - regulates impacts of dredged or fill materials
discharge into waters of the U.S.; administered by army corps of engineers;
typically associated with 401 certification which addresses water quality
issues
CWA Section 401 ✔️Ans - required for any permit/license issued by a
federal agency when an activity would result in a discharge into waters of the
US; regulates water quality impacts and state certification programs; ensure
water quality standards; associated with 404 permits
CWA Section 303 ✔️Ans - establishes water quality standards
Stormwater discharges ✔️Ans - stormwater runoff, snowmelt runoff,
surface runoff, and drainage; to be subject to national pollutant discharge
elimination system (NPDES) stormwater must be in a discernible conveyance
(closed or open flow); ag return flows and runoff aren't regulated by NPDES
regulations
Waters of the US ✔️Ans - all waters that are or were used in interstate or
foreign commerce including wetlands
Beneficial uses ✔️Ans - uses of water necessary for the survival of people,
plants, and wildlife; purpose of CWA is to protect the beneficial uses of surface
waters
, Water quality standards ✔️Ans - state/tribal requirements that define the
water quality goals of lakes, streams, or other water bodies by designating the
beneficial uses and protecting the uses through numeric/narrative standards
that maintain the chem, phys, and bio integrity of a waterbody
CWA Section 303(d) ✔️Ans - establishes a process for
states/territories/tribes to identify impaired waters/water quality limited
(waters that are too polluted/don't meet water quality standards); requires
development of total maximum daily load (TMDLs)
Total maximum daily load (TMDL) ✔️Ans - identifies the amount of a
specific pollutant/property of a pollutant from point, nonpoint, and natural
background sources, including a margin of safety that may be discharged to a
water body and still ensure that the water body attains water quality
standards
TMDL Process ✔️Ans - states are responsible for implementation by
prioritizing impaired waters, developing TMDLs, and establishing wasteload
allocations (WLAs) for point sources; factors like waterbody ranking, data
availability, court-ordered schedules, and anticipated management activities
can affect the timing of TMDL development and implementation
Wasteload allocations (WLAs) ✔️Ans - the allocation of pollutant loadings
to point sources (POTWs, ag, industrial discharge, urban stormwater); effluent
limits in NPDES permits must be consistent with WLAs; nonpoint source load
allocations are found in section 319
TMDL implementation ✔️Ans - defines wasteload allocations (WLAs) and
connects these with stormwater permits that will identify recommended
management practices that major sources in the watershed are expected to
implement and identifies a general time frame and strategy for
funding/monitoring; translates TMDLs wasteload allocations into stormwater
permit conditions
NPDES stormwater regulations ✔️Ans - EPA funded the national urban
runoff program (NURP) in 1977-1982; these studies showed that stormwater
runoff from residential, commercial, and industrial areas were contaminated;
provided basis for EPA regulation stormwater
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