Davita Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions

Davita Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane - answerUltrafiltration Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the semipermeable membrane. *kidneys remove waste this way* - answerConvection Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from *high* to *low* concentration - answerDiffusion Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration - answerOsmosis 1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration) 2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion) 3) Acid/Base balance - answerKidneys excretory functions 1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system) 2) Erythropoiesis 3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation - answerKidneys endocrine functions Function of Bicarbonate - answerMaintains acid-base balance and help clean blood by functioning as the primary buffer in the body How do we replace *excretory* functions? - answerHemodialysis removes urea, salt, excess water from blood which normalizes electrolytes and metabolic acidosis Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron, Antihypertensive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate binders, Vitamins D, Calcimetric agents - answerHow we replace *endocrine* functions? 1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema 2) Hypertension 3) Chronic Heart Failure 4) Shortness of breath 5) Headaches - answerSigns & symptoms of fluid imbalance Hypertension leads to - answerLeft Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) Why is sodium balance important? - answerSodium holds onto water, thirst and blood pressure control 1) Extreme muscle weakness 2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady) 3) Wide QRS 4) Cardia arrest - answerSigns and symptoms of Hyperkalemia 1. Fatigue 2. Muscle weakness 3. Respiratory failure 4. Irritable heart muscle 4. Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) 6. Cardia arrest - answerSigns and symptoms of Hypokalemia Lack of Erythropoeitin - answerPrimary cause of anemia Secondary Cause of anemia? - answerblood loss 1) Heparin lines are clamped 2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose 3) Proper priming - answerHow to prevent blood loss What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure, and chest pain? - answerPericarditis 1) Lower heparin 2) More dialysis 3)* More antibiotics & anti-inflammatory meds* - answerTreatment of Pericarditis Recommend fatty lotions, lukewarm water, antihistamine (allergy relievers), pat not rub skin dry and checking phosphorus levels - answerIf patient is complaining of dry, itchy skin What would you do if patient complaints of Peripheral Neuropathy (nerve pain)? - answerCheck water temperature, wear good shoes, no barefe