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Louisiana Landscape Horticulture Contractor Chapters Exam Questions And Answers
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Louisiana Landscape Horticulture ContractorChapters Exam Questions And Answers
Six legs attached to thorax. Head, thorax, abdomen. One pair of antennae.
One or two pairs of wings. - -List key identifying characteristics of insects
- - -What is the fertilizer equation
-Head, thorax, abdomen - -What are an insects three body regions?
-Chewing (with strong mandibles), sucking (like a butterfly proboscis),
piercing-sucking (like aphids) - -What are the three different types of insect
mouthparts?
-Metamorphosis is the changes through which an insect passes from the
young form into an adult.
Gradual (simple) metamorphosis is characterized by young which closely
resemble the adult. Egg > nymph > adult. The young pass through phases
(instars, "first instar," "second instar"). The time interval between two instars
in a stadium.
Complete metamorphosis is characterized by four completely different life
stages. Egg > larva > pupa > adult. The larva look nothing like the adult and
are usually wormlike. The pupa phase does not feed and is usually inactive.
They often pass the winter in this phase. - -What does metamorphosis
mean? What are the two types of insect metamorphosis?
-The transformation stage between larva and adult of the more advanced
insects - -Define pupa
-Non-pathogenic (nutrient deficiencies, bad environmental conditions) and
pathogenic (fungus, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, etc) - -What are the two
types of plant diseases?
-Environmental factors cause many non-pathogenic diseases, such as too
wet or dry soil, too high or low temperature, air or chemical pollution.
Environmental factors also aid the development of pathogenic diseases
(e.g.a warm winter allows pests to maintain a large population, fungus grows
in moist conditions) - -What are some environmental factors that contribute
to plant diseases?
-(1) A susceptible host
(2) a parasitic organism
, (3) environmental conditions favorable to the development of the organism -
-What three factors are required for a pathogenic disease?
-YES!! Love me some soil fungus - -Are any fungi beneficial?
-(1) Mycelial Fragments -- a piece of a fungus "root" gets moved and a
fungus grows out of it kind of like a rhizome. Asexual.
(2) Spores -- Fertilized single cell or multi-cell microscopic pieces that are
usually transported by wind or water. Sexual.
(3)Sclerotia -- A hardened piece of mycelial ("root") that will germinate when
conditions are correct years later. - -Describe the reproductive process of
fungi
-(1) Direct penetration -- A spore uses an enzyme or pressure to break
through the plant's protective barrier
(2) Stomata penetration -- Fungi enter through open or closed plant stomates
(where they transpire)
(3) Wound penetration -- Pruning wounds, cuts to the plant, etc - -What are
some ways in which a fungus enters a plant?
-Fungi are multi-celled organisms that reproduce sexually and asexually.
Bacteria are one celled organisms. They reproduce by simple cell division
(asexual), and cannot reproduce sexually. - -How do bacteria differ from
fungi?
-They are (microscopic) eel-like soil borne animals. They either burrow into
the roots - -What are nematodes, and how can they cause plant disease?
-A disease where young seedlings die. Especially common in cool and wet
environments - -What is damping-off?
-Both terms describe negative characteristics of leaves.
Chlorotic--Yellowing, pale leaves. Usually caused by insufficient nutrients.
(Chlorotic = insufficient chlorophyll)
Necrotic--Dead leaves or tissue - -Explain the difference between the terms
chlorotic and necrotic
-Molluscicide - -What product controls garden snails?
-Sevin, Malathion. They are synthetic because they are man-made in a lab.
They are organic because they use organic chemistry molecules (carbon,
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