WGU D027 Patho Pharm Exam With
100% Correct Answers 2023/2024
color blindness and hemophilia - Correct Answer-sex-linked traits,
cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to
distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color deficits
are sickle cell anemia.
Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action - Correct Answer--Inhibit Na reabsorption in the
*distal tubule*
-Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion
-Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes
Diuril (chlorothiazide) - Correct Answer-1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide
diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination
Calcium Channel Blockers - Correct Answer-(INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium
ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the
demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the
blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some
arrhythmias, and hypertension
Ca Channel Blockers - Correct Answer-Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the
heart's contractions
Norvasc (amlodipine)
Cardizem (Diltiazem)
ACE inhibitors adverse effects - Correct Answer-1. first dose hypotension
2. orthostatic hypotension
3.tachycardia
4.photosensitvity
5.renal insufficiency
6. hyperkalemia
7. Angioedema
8. Bone marrow depression
Beta Blockers - Correct Answer-decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta
receptors by inhibiting effects of norepi
Escitalopram - Correct Answer-Lexapro
SSRI
,pituitary gland - Correct Answer-The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under
the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other
endocrine glands.
atherosclerotic plaque - Correct Answer-fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated
glucose levels
Primary HTN risk factors - Correct Answer-1. Genetic predisposition
2. Excess dietary salt intake
3. Adrenergic tone
4. racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans)
Primary HTN causes - Correct Answer-Renal Parenchymal disease
Renal vascular disease
essential HTN
Cardiovascular disease
CNS abnormalities
Endocrine disease
Syndromes
Medication related (rare).
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) proteins, mutation driving lung cancer -
Correct Answer-medicate with Tagrisso, a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Tagrisso (osimertinib) - Correct Answer-non-small cell lung cancer
muscular dystrophy (MD) - Correct Answer-group of hereditary diseases characterized
by degeneration of muscle and weakness
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) - Correct Answer-Dx based on physical symptoms,
family history, an elevated concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in the blood indicating
destruction of muscle, and molecular genetic testing.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms - Correct Answer-Pseudohypertrophy of calf
muscles; use upper extremity to help them stand up; waddling gait
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance - Correct Answer-Skips generations, usually seen in
only 1 generation.
25% of offsprings from 2 carrier parents affected.
Often due to enzyme deficiencies, more severe than dominant disorders; symptoms
presents in childhood.
autosomal dominant inheritance - Correct Answer-presence of certain genes that
means there is a 100% chance of the person eventually getting the disease
autosomal dominant disorders - Correct Answer-Huntington's Disease
, Achondroplasia
Neurofibromatosis
autosomal recessive disorders - Correct Answer-Tay-Sachs, Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell
anemia, phenylketonuria
anterior pituitary gland - Correct Answer-AKA the adenohypophysis, the anterior
pituitary is made of glandular tissue. It makes and secretes six different hormones: FSH,
LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, and growth hormone. The anterior pituitary is controlled by
releasing and inhibiting factors from the hypothalamus
posterior pituitary gland - Correct Answer-ADH and oxytocin
adrenal glands - Correct Answer-a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the
adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
(noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress.
CHF (congestive heart failure) - Correct Answer-condition in which the heart cannot
pump enough blood to the rest of the body
etiologies include arrhythmia, pulm embolism, hypertension, valvular heart disease,
myocarditis, unstable angina, renal failure, severe anemia;
coronary artery disease (CAD) - Correct Answer-a condition affecting arteries of the
heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the
myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis
Glucocorticoids (cortisol) - Correct Answer-Adrenal cortex
stimulates gluconeogenesis
anti-inflammatory
immunosuppression
chemotherapeutic agents - Correct Answer-synthetic chemicals used to interfere with
the functioning of foreign cell populations; this term is frequently used to refer to the
drug therapy of neoplasms, but it also refers to drug therapy affecting any foreign cell
chemotherapeutic index - Correct Answer-maximum tolerable dose per kilogram of body
weight, divided by the minimum dose per kilogram of body weight, that will cure the
disease
breast cancer treatment - Correct Answer-Trust HER!
{Trastuzumab is used to treat Breast Cancers with HER2/neu receptors.
This drug is a monoclonal antibody specific for HER2/neu receptor }
