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samenvatting laboratory animal science (BMW)

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Summary of the course 'laboratory animal science', including notes from the online lectures. By studying this summary, I achieved a 16/20 in the first session.

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  • February 15, 2024
  • 88
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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By: jhuanageboers • 1 week ago

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Legislation (1)
Laboratory animal science


Numbers
- Worldwide: 100 million
- Europe: 12 million
- Belgium: 700.708

1. Rodents (81%)
2. Rabbits (9%)
3. Fish, amphibians, reptiles (5%)
4. Birds (3%)
5. Farm animals (<1%)
6. Dogs, cats, primates (<0,1%)

- Use of laboratory animals is fluctuating
└ Development of alternatives, ethics, legislation, more responsible use, high costs: 
└ Development of transgenic animals: 


Overview of national and European legislation
- Belgian law: august 1986
- Royal Decree: 14 november 1993 = update of the law
- New BRD: april 2010  stricter rules concerning housing
- New European Directive: september 2010  include pain, suffering, discomfort
└ The translation into belgian law is still pending


What does the law say …
Definition of laboratory = every living vertebrate animal used or intended for laboratory experiments
animal
- Including: free living and/or reproducing larval forms (axolotl)
- Excluding: other foetal or embryonic forms

- New law
└ Include some invertebrae (squid, lobster, …)
└ Include mammalian embryonic forms starting from last 1/3 of term

Definition of animal = every use of living vertebrate animal for experimental an other scientific
experiment purposes  can inflict pain, suffering, discomfort or permanent injury

- Including: every treatment with the purpose/consequence of the birth of an
animal in such a condition
- Excluding: non-experimental treatments (agriculture, veterinary) + humane
methods (= least painful accepted methods to kill or mark the animal)

 Animals should not be used more than once in experiments with
suffering/pain

,Degrees of pain/suffering
Mild pain - Administration anaethesia
- Non-invasive imaging (MRI)
- Superficial procedures (ear/tail biopsies)
Moderate pain - Surgery under general anaesthesia + post-surgical pain
- Induction of tumours +development spontaneous tumour
- Irradiation with sublethal dose
Serious pain - Toxicity + vaccine potency testing
- Irradiation with lethal dose




Purpose of laboratory animals
- Production + control of sera, vaccines or diagnostics
- Toxicological/ pharmacological research
- Diagnose of disease
- Education
- Answer scientific questions
 Not allowed to test cosmetic products


Housing and taking care of lab animals
 Detailed overview per species described in legislation
- Housing conditions, environment, space to move, feed, water and care: meet animal needs
- Daily control of animals + environment (including weekend/holidays)
- Regular control by vet


Source and identification of laboratory animals
- No stray pets, lost/abandoned animals
- Purpose-bred by licensed companies
- Farm animals
- Special demands for threatened species living in the wild

- Dogs, cats & primates
└ Marked individually and permanent
└ Immediately after weaning

- Register all animals joining & leaving the lab


Statistical information
- Handed to the government every year
└ Numbers used per species
└ Numbers per type of experiment

,Responsible use
- Experiments
└ Absolute minimum
└ Only if there is no alternative method
└ The choice of animal species must me considered
└ Lowest neurophysiological degree

- Never be subject to serious pain, great discomfort or suffering
└ If not avoided  under anaesthesia
└ If anaesthesia is not possible  analgesics (decrease pain)



The 3 R’s
Reduction Replacement Refinement
- Choosing well the - Replacing animal - Gathering knowledge about
experimental design experiments with another biological needs
- Standardising the lab animal method or invertebrate - Less discomfort
population and the - Environmental enrichment
experimental procedures - Apply analgesia




What to do before starting experiment
1. Laboratory license: Federal public service - Animal Welfare
└ Overview & map of the rooms
└ Overview of the kind of experiments
└ List of species and their source
└ Overview of the staff

Laboratory director = responsible manager
Expert Protection health & well-being
- Large: veterinarian
- Small: FELASCA C training
Project leader Experiment set up, log keeping
Biotechnicians Conduct experiments
Animal caretakers

2. Permission of the Ethical Committee: since 2001
└ Tasks
 Evaluation of planned experiments
 Setting up ethical criteria
 Advising labo’s ands government
 Reporting to the government

└ Professional secrecy for the members

, └ Members
 Laboratory director
 Project leader
 Veterinarian or expert
 Biotechnician
 2 independent members (skills needed)

└ Apply for the permission, describe the …
 Staff responsible for project
 Purpose and description
 Number and species of animals, degree and duration of pain
 Anaesthesia and analgesia that will be used, post-operative care
 Alternative methods
 Humane endpoints and euthanasia

3. Education: october 2004 (FELASA)
└ Project leaders: 80h course
└ Researchers and lab technicians: 40h course
└ Animal caretakers: 25h course

Other paperwork:

4. Import license: importing animals from non-EU member states
5. Bio-security dossier
6. Radio-activity use in lab animals


Changes in legislation
- What we already had
└ Definition laboratory animal
└ Composition ethical committee
└ Continuous education

What else is there?
1. Animal welfare body
└ Set-up by every user
└ Include animal caretakers, scientist, veterinarian of expert

└ Tasks
 Advise on animal welfare: accommodation, care and use
 Review internal operational processes

└ Ultimate goal = improve animal welfare
 Better follow-up of humane endpoints
 Improve protocols ex. Anesthesia, analgesia

└ Other goal = improve transparency
 Rules/laws are followed




2. More animals in the statistics: reporting all animals used in the creation of a new line

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