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Summary Mitosis & Meiosis short notes ieb/nsc
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These are summarized notes on Mitosis and Meiosis following the IEB curriculum for Life sciences/Biology 2024.
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Mitosis & Meiosis
Flashcards
10 Flashcards
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Flashcards
10 Flashcards
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is mitosis?
Answer: Replicating DNA to produce identical nuclei with the same genetic information
2.
What is meiosis?
Answer: Specialized type of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes, producing 4 genetically different haploid cells from a diploid cell.
3.
What causes cancer?
Answer: Irregular cell division that can be triggered by carcinogens like radiation, smoking, hormone imbalances, etc
4.
What causes variation?
Answer: Crossing over and randome arrangement during meiosis
5.
What is non-disjunction?
Answer: When homologous chromosomes fail to separate (during Anaphase 1)
Content preview
DefinitionsChromosome A threadlike structure made
up of DNA and protein
found in the nucleus,
carrying genetic
information in the form of
genes.
Chromatid One of the two identical
strands of a replicated
chromosome.
Centromere A region where two
chromatids of a
chromosome are held
together.
Homologous chromosomes A pair of chromosomes of
the same shape and size
with similar genes for each
characteristic occupying the
same position.
Bivalent A pair of homologous
chromosomes that lie next
to other, physically in
contact at a point where
crossing over will occur.
Diploid (2n) Two complete sets of
chromosomes in a cell.
Haploid (n) One complete set of
chromosomes in a cell.
Gene A segment of DNA in a
chromosome containing the
code for a specific
characteristic.
Centrosome Organelle containing two
centrioles, found only in
animal cells.
, Centriole Structures formed when the
centrosome splits into two.
Crossing over Overlapping of homologous
chromosomes resulting the
exchange of genetic
material.
Chiasma Point where two chromatids
overlap during crossing
over.
Karyotype Representation of the
number, shape and
arrangement of a full set of
chromosomes in the
nucleus of a somatic cell.
Autosome The first 22 pairs of
chromosomes that control
appearance, structure and
functioning of the body.
Gonosomes (sex Pair of chromosomes
chromosomes) responsible for sex
determination (XX or XY)
Somatic cells (body cells) Diploid cells in an
organism. They’re produced
during mitosis.
Gametes (sex cells) Specialized haploid cells
(sperm cell and egg cell)
that are produced during
meiosis.
Karyokinesis Division of the nucleus of a
cell.
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