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AQA GCSE Biology B1

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What are cells? - The building blocks of organisms Define eukaryotic cell - Cells that have a true nucleus Define prokaryotic cell - Cells that do not have a true nucleus What is in an animal cell? - Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes What is in a plant cell? - Same as a...

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  • February 16, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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AQA GCSE Biology B1
What are cells? - ✔✔✔The building blocks of organisms



Define eukaryotic cell - ✔✔✔Cells that have a true nucleus



Define prokaryotic cell - ✔✔✔Cells that do not have a true nucleus



What is in an animal cell? - ✔✔✔Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes



What is in a plant cell? - ✔✔✔Same as animal plus: vacuole, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell wall



What is in a yeast cell? - ✔✔✔Same as animal plus: temporary vacuole, cell wall



What is in a bacterial cell? - ✔✔✔Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, chromosomes,
plasmid, capsule, flagellum



Function of nucleus - ✔✔✔The control centre of the cell, contains DNA



Function of cytoplasm - ✔✔✔Where chemical reactions take place



Function of cell membrane - ✔✔✔Controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell



Function of mitochondria - ✔✔✔Releases energy into the cell in respiration

, Function of ribosomes - ✔✔✔Where protein synthesis takes place



Function of vacuole - ✔✔✔Keeps the cell turgid (filled with plant sap)



Function of chlorophyll - ✔✔✔Absorbed light energy in photosynthesis



Function of cell wall - ✔✔✔Provides structure for the cell, made of cellulose



Function of chromosomes - ✔✔✔Carries genetic information



Function of plasmid - ✔✔✔Carries genetic information



Function of capsule - ✔✔✔Protects against phagocytosis



Function of flagellum - ✔✔✔Helps the cell move



Adaptations of muscle cells - ✔✔✔Contain proteins that slide over each other making fibres contract

Contain mitochondria to transfer energy

Store glycogen used in cellular respiration



Adaptations of nerve cells - ✔✔✔Lots of dendrites to make connections to other nerve cells

The axon carries the nerve impulses from one place to another and are often very long

Synapses pass impulses to another cell or between a nerve and the muscle



Adaptation of root hair cells - ✔✔✔Increase surface area for water to move up the cell

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